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Three  Years  of  Work 
for  Handicapped  Men 

A  Report  of  the  Activities  of  the 
Institute  for  Crippled  and  Disabled  Men 

By  John  Culbert  Faries,  Ph.D. 


A 


DDITIONAL  copies  oj  this  booklet 
may  he  ohlaitied  without  charge  upon 
application  to  the  Institute  for  Crippled 
and  Disabled  Men,  101  East  Twenty- 
third  Street,   New  York   City. 


Three  Years  of  Work 
for  Handicapped  Men 

A  Report  of  the  Activities  of  the 
Institute  for   Crippled  and  Disabled  Men 

By  John  Culbert  Faries,  Ph.D. 


Published  at  the  Institute 

loi   East  Twenty-third  Street,  New  York  City 

July,  1920 


Information  About  the  Institute 

The  Institute  for  Crippled  and  Disabled  Men,  for- 
merly under  the  American  Red  Cross,  is  located  at 
Twenty-third  Street  and  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 
City. 

Its  purpose  is,  primarily,  to  help  men  who,  through 
the  loss  of  one  or  more  limbs  or  the  impairment  of 
their  use,  find  difficulty  in  earning  their  living.  It  does 
not  undertake  medical  or  surgical  treatment. 

As  means  appropriate  to  its  aim  it  maintains  a  shop 
for  the  manufacture  of  artificial  limbs  and  appliances, 
a  training  school  for  giving  instruction  in  a  variety  of 
trades,  and  an  employment  bureau  for  finding  suitable 
occupations  for  handicapped  men. 

It  seeks  to  cooperate  with  any  individual,  institu- 
tion, or  social  agency  that  is  interested  in  a  person 
whom  it  may  help,  and  to  avoid  the  duplication  of 
social  effort. 

Its  services  are  free  except  that  a  charge  is  made 
for  artificial  appliances  representing  as  near  as  possible 
their  actual  cost. 

It  has  no  residential  or  boarding  facilities,  but 
assists,  when  necessary,  in  finding  suitable  accommo- 
dations for  men  from  out  of  the  city. 

It  invites  correspondence  in  regard  to  any  case  in 
which  its  experience  affords  it  ground  for  advice. 
Facts  it  needs  to  know  in  forming  an  opinion  include 
the  person's  age,  schooling,  former  occupation,  tastes, 
and  the  nature  and  extent  of  his  disability.     In  case 

[3] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

of  an  amputation,  the  limb  amputated  (right  or  left) 
and  the  point  of  amputation  should  be  stated. 

The  Institute  is  open  each  week  day  from  nine  until 
five,  except  on  Saturday  when  it  closes  at  noon.  Cor- 
respondence should  be  addressed  to  101  East  Twenty- 
third  Street.    The  telephone  number  is  Gramercy  1467. 

The  Institute  was  incorporated  January  13,  1920, 
and  is  directed  by  a  board  of  trustees. 

BOARD  OF  TRUSTEES 

Samuel  M.  Greer,  President 
Douglas  C.  McMurtrie,  Secretary 
Jeremiah  Milbank,  Treasurer 
Mrs.  August  Belmont  Walter  E.  Hope 

Mrs.  Arthur  Scott  Burden         Miss  Ethel  L.  McLean 
C.  G.  Du  Bois  George  Murnane 

VV.  J.  Hiss  Miss  Florence  S.  Sullivan 

Arthur  Woods 


[4] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 


Introduction 

It  is  a  matter  of  historical  observation  that  ques- 
tions of  social  injustice  lie  dormant  as  regards  public 
attention  until  some  circumstance  or  combination  of 
circumstances  serves  to  focus  on  them  the  thought  and 
sympathy  of  the  community,  with  consequent  action 
looking  toward  improvement. 

The  last  five  years  can  properly  be  regarded  as  the 
period  of  renaissance  in  our  relations  to  the  crippled 
and  disabled.  For  years  the  physically  handicapped 
have  been  neglected,  and  but  a  few  persons  have  been 
interested  enough  to  champion  their  cause.  The  in- 
fluence of  the  war,  however,  in  conjunction  with  the 
general  shortage  of  productive  man  power,  focused 
attention  in  a  dramatic  way  on  the  needs  and  also  on 
the  possibilities  of  the  disabled  man. 

In  the  progress  made  in  our  own  country  at  least,  the 
organization  whose  three  years  of  work  is  reported 
upon  in  the  present  booklet  played  the  pioneer  role. 

My  own  analysis  of  the  accomplishments  of  the 
Institute  for  Crippled  and  Disabled  Men  since  its 
establishment  points  to  two  results  as  of  primary 
importance:  first,  the  demonstration  that  civilian 
cripples  of  many  types  and  in  varying  depths  of  de- 
spondency could  be  regenerated  economically;  second, 
'the  telling  of  it',  that  is,  preaching  the  gospel  of  re- 
habilitation to  others.  But  it  is  an  encouraging 
beginning  only  which  has  been  made  and  there  is 
opportunity  ahead  for  much  greater  service  in  these 
and  other  directions. 

[5] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

Because  it  bears  on  the  authoritativeness  of  the 
chronicle  which  follows,  I  must  record  that  its  author, 
John  Culbert  Faries,  the  present  director  of  the  Insti- 
tute, has  been  on  the  staff  of  the  organization  since  its 
inception.  From  the  beginning  he  had  full  charge  of 
what  was  technically  known  as  'vocational  counsel', but 
which  actually  consisted  of  forming  personal  relations 
with  the  disabled  men,  solving  difficulties,  gaining  con- 
fidence, building  character.  The  success  the  Institute 
has  attained  in  this  important  field  must  be  credited 
wholly  to  the  patience  and  dexotion  of  Dr.  Faries. 

Then  we  must  not  forget  that  the  beginnings  of  the 
Institute  were  made  possible  by  the  foresight  and 
support  of  one  citizen,  Jeremiah  Milbank.  As  I  look 
back  over  the  history  of  the  organization,  I  realize 
that  this  support  was  more  to  be  valued  for  vision, 
optimism,  and  persistence  than  for  any  measures  of 
material  assistance. 

These  men,  and  the  members  of  the  board  of  trustees 
who  have  joined  in  the  work,  are  now  looking,  not  on 
what  has  been  done,  but  toward  the  future,  seeking 
out  their  further  responsibilities  and  opportunities  for 
service.  They  ask — and  assuredly  will  receive — the 
support  and  cooperation  of  all  who  have  concern  for 
the  economic  emancipation  of  the  disabled. 

One  final  word.  In  no  other  field  are  the  dividends 
in  satisfaction  more  sure  and  more  generous. 

Douglas  C.  McMurtrie 


[6 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

Three  Years  of  Work  for 
Handicapped  Men 

When  thoughtful  people  have  faced  a  human 
problem  for  three  years  and  have  made  an  honest 
effort  to  understand  it,  the  presumption  is  that  they 
have  arrived  at  some  opinions  that  are  worth  con- 
sidering. If,  during  that  time,  they  have  endeavored 
to  familiarize  themselves  with  the  experiences  of 
others  in  a  similar  line  of  effort,  a  fair  degree  of  intel- 
ligence on  the  subject  may  be  expected.  If,  by  ex- 
perimentation, they  have  developed  a  technique  in 
dealing  with  the  problem,  it  is  fair  to  suppose  that 
their  experiences  may  have  some  value  to  those  who 
face  the  same  problem.  They  may  be  only  path- 
finders, and  their  blazings  few  and  far  between,  but 
they  at  least  point  the  way. 

The  strength  of  this  presumption  and  the  undeniable 
duty  of  making  a  report  of  progress  to  those  who  have 
shown  a  supporting  interest  in  the  lot  of  the  man  who 
must  face  a  work-a-day  world  with  a  physical  handi- 
cap justify  and  demand  an  account  of  the  activities 
of  the  Red  Cross  Institute  for  Crippled  and  Disabled 
Men,  now  continuing  its  work  as  the  Institute  for 
Crippled  and  Disabled  Men. 

The  beginnings  of  any  work  are  not  impressive 
when  reduced  to  statistics.  This  is  particularly  true 
where  human  valuations  are  involved.  Sheep  may 
be  counted  and  wool  weighed — but  "how  much  is  a 

[7] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

man  better  than  a  sheep"!  A  man  saved  from  a  hfe 
of  discouragement,  debasing  dependency,  and  barren 
unproductivity  counts  only  one  statistically,  but  who 
can  measure  the  potentialities  of  the  rehabilitated 
worker?  To  assess  the  value  of  the  work  by  columns 
of  figures  would  be  like  weighing  gold  on  a  hay  scales. 
What  statistical  showing  would  be  made  by  the  story 
of  the  man  who  came  from  the  neurological  ward  of 
the  city  hospital,  a  cardiac  with  his  right  side  para- 
lized?  In  the  face  of  the  greatest  discouragements  he 
was  taught  for  over  a  year  at  the  Institute  in  me- 
chanical drafting  and  loaned  a  weekly  sum  to  enable 
him  to  live  while  taking  the  training.  He  is  now 
earning  his  living  and  demonstrating  his  gratitude  to 
the  Institute  by  making  regular  trips  to  the  director's 
ofifice  to  make  small  payments  out  of  his  weekly  wage 
towards  the  amount  loaned  him  during  training. 

Perhaps  these  considerations  will  justify  the  nature 
of  this  report  which  will  be  an  attempt  to  show  what 
we  have  tried  to  do  and  how  we  have  attempted  to 
do  it,  and  to  acquaint  the  reader  with  the  infinite 
variety  of  human  factors  that  enter  into  the  problem. 

The  reader  will  be  struck  with  the  poverty  of  the 
English  language  in  appropriate  terms  for  this  new 
science — if  science  it  may  be  called.  The  Germans 
have  a  generic  term  of  wide  inclusiveness.  It  is 
Kriippelfursorge,  literally  'cripple-care'.  To  many  the 
word  'cripple'  has  an  unpleasant  sound  and,  as 
commonly  used,  may  not  include  those  with  other 
disabilities  which  militate  against  their  industrial 
effectiveness.  And  it  is  according  to  a  man's  ability 
or  inability  to  support  himself  in  a  work-a-day  world 

[8] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

that  he  falls  into  the  category  of  the  effective  or  non- 
effective, the  productive  or  non-productive  unit  of 
society,  the  self-supporting  or  the  dependent. 

"Work  for  the  handicapped"  is  perhaps  as  good  a 
generic  term  as  the  English  language  at  present  fur- 
nishes to  include  all  effort  looking  to  the  fitting  of  a 
person  to  become  an  independent  member  of  the 
community  in  spite  of  the  impairment  of  some  of  his 
physical  powers. 

Until  the  outbreak  of  the  Great  War  little  attention 
had  been  paid  to  the  rehabilitation  of  those  suffering 
from  physical  injuries  which  affected  their  earning 
capacity.  By  'rehabilitation'  is  meant  the  use  of  suit- 
able means  for  rendering  a  disabled  person  again  fit  to 
earn  his  living.  What  some  of  those  'suitable  means' 
are  will  appear  in  the  course  of  this  report. 

Rehabilitation  is  something  broader  than  vocational 
education.  Training  a  disabled  man  for  a  congenial 
occupation  may  be  a  suitable  means  for  his  restoration 
to  industrial  activity — but  so  also  may  furnishing  him 
with  an  artificial  limb,  or  inspiring  him  to  capitalize 
unused  powers,  or  placing  him  in  a  fit  job.  Those 
engaged  in  rehabilitation  work  must  not  be  too  much 
trammeled  with  the  ideals  of  vocational  education  de- 
signed for  preparing  young  people  for  a  trade.  They 
must  be  opportunists,  seizing  immediately  available 
means  for  making  a  man  self-supporting  in  as  short  a 
time  as  possible.  Several  men  have  been  transferred 
from  the  dependent  class  to  the  self-supporting  by 
a  few  days'  instruction  at  the  telephone  switch-board, 
but  no  one  pretends  that  this  is  trade  training.     But 

[9] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

it  is  rehabilitation,  with  large  consequences  to  the 
spirit  of  the  man. 

It  might  be  well  at  the  outset  to  delimit  the  field 
of  activity  chosen  by  the  Institute  in  its  work  for 
the  handicapped.  The  following  table  sketches  in 
outline  work  for  the  physically  handicapped,  exclusive 
of  mental  defectives. 

WORK   FOR   THE    HANDICAPPED 

Care  for  Children 

Medical  and  orthopedic 
Educational 
Prevocational 
Recreational 
Care  for  Special  Classes 

Deaf  and  hard  of  hearing 
Blind 
Cardiac 
Tuberculous 
Epileptic 
Care  for  Adult  Orthopedic  Cases 
Medical  and  orthopedic 
Psychological 

Encouragement 

Advice 
Prosthetic  and  mechanical 

Advice 

Artificial  limbs 

Special  helps 

Braces 
Re-ediicational 

Institutional  training 

Placement  training 

Home  training 

110] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

Maintenance 

Workmen's  compensation 
Assistance  during  training 
Cooperation  with  other  organizations 

Employment 

Industrial  survey 

Placement  in  industry 

Follow-up 
Field  work 

Watching  the  sources 

Social  service 

Follow-up 

Cooperation  with  other  organizations 

Social  and  recreational 
Public  information 

Scientific  research 

Popular  appeal 

Education  of  employers 
Legislation 
Normal  Training 

Training  of  workers 

The  activities  undertaken  to  some  extent  by  the 
Institute  are  printed  in  itaUcs.  The  reason  for  thus 
deUmiting  its  field  of  activity  is  to  be  found  in  the 
well-known  principle  of  the  Red  Cross  to  confine  its 
efforts  to  needy  fields  not  covered  by  existing  organi- 
zations. Excellent  work  has  been  done  both  by 
private  organizations  and  the  state  for  crippled  chil- 
dren, for  the  blind,  for  the  deaf  and  the  hard  of 
hearing.  The  tuberculous  are  receiving  increasing 
attention  and  assistance.  Cardiac  cases  are  not  so 
well  looked  after. 

[11] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

The  war  had  progressed  for  more  than  two  and  a 
half  years  before  the  United  States  entered  the  lists 
on  the  side  of  humanity  and  justice.  During  that 
time  the  serious  reduction  in  the  man-power  of  the 
European  nations  revealed  the  economic  necessity  of 
rendering  as  many  as  possible  of  their  disabled  soldiers 
and  sailors  fit  to  have  a  share  again  in  productive  toil. 
Already  valuable  experience  had  been  gained  in  the 
rehabilitation  and  re-education  of  disabled  ex-service 
men. 

When  America  entered  the  war  it  was  foreseen  that 
should  she  actively  engage  in  military  operations  she 
would  have  disabled  fighters  who  must  be  fitted  to  en- 
gage again  in  the  pursuits  of  peace.  No  lesser  service 
would  discharge  the  country's  obligation  to  its  dis- 
abled defenders.  With  its  customary  foresight  the 
American  Red  Cross  addressed  itself  to  preparation  for 
the  inevitable  task.  In  less  than  two  months  after  the 
declaration  of  war  with  Germany  a  philanthropic  citi- 
zen came  forward  with  a  generous  offer  of  a  substantial 
sum  of  money  and  a  suitable  building  to  undertake 
work  for  crippled  and  disabled  men.  It  was  a  patent 
fact  that  such  a  work  should  be  undertaken,  even 
if  there  should  never  be  a  disabled  soldier  or  sailor, 
because  of  the  yearly  toll  of  cripples  from  the  indus- 
tries of  the  country  in  peace  time. 

It  was  thought  that  the  best  preparation  for  the 
work  of  rehabilitating  disabled  soldiers  would  be  to 
gain  experience  in  dealing  with  those  maimed  in 
industry,  and  to  disseminate  a  knowledge  of  the  results 

[12] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

of  the  efforts  of  European  countries  and  Canada  in 
dealing  with  the  problem  of  the  disabled  ex-service 
man.  Accordingly,  Dr.  Edward  T.  Devine,  then 
director  of  the  New  York  School  of  Philanthropy,  was 
asked  to  start  the  work.  During  the  summer  of  1917 
a  staff  of  social  investigators  was  engaged  in  making 
case  studies  of  men  who  had  been  crippled  in  industry 
in  New  York  City  during  the  preceding  two  years. 
The  records  of  hospitals  and  of  the  Workmen's  Com- 
pensation Commission  were  searched  and  some  364 
men  visited  and  interrogated  as  to  the  results  of  their 
disablement.  A  brief  report  of  this  investigation, 
entitled  ''The  Economic  Consequences  of  Physical 
Disability^  ^  was  later  published  in  pamphlet  form  by 
the  Institute. 

During  the  summer  Dr.  Devine  and  Mr.  Douglas 
C.  McMurtrie  made  a  visit  to  Canada  for  the  purpose 
of  studying  that  government's  work  for  disabled 
soldiers.  In  August  Dr.  Devine  sailed  for  England 
and  France  to  make  a  first  hand  investigation  of 
similar  work  in  those  countries.  When  he  decided  to 
enter  Red  Cross  work  in  France,  Mr.  McMurtrie  was 
asked  to  become  director  of  the  Red  Cross  Institute 
for  Crippled  and  Disabled  Men,  a  position  which  he 
filled  with  great  ability  and  without  remuneration  as 
long  as  the  work  was  under  the  authority  and  direction 
of  the  National  American  Red  Cross.  The  Institute 
functioned  as  an  activity  of  the  Red  Cross  until  the  fall 
of  1919  when,  in  line  with  the  curtailment  of  its  war 
activities,  the  American  Red  Cross  decided  to  turn 
over  the  equipment  of  the  Institute,  together  with  the 

[131 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

sum  of  $50,000,  to  a  board  of  trustees  who  should 
continue  its  work  as  a  private  philanthropic  institu- 
tion. In  appreciation  of  the  work  done  by  the  Institute 
and  the  need  it  was  designed  to  meet  Dr.  Farrand, 
director  of  the  national  organization,  wrote: 

The  American  Red  Cross  is  justly  proud  of  the  work  that 
has  been  accomplished  by  the  Institute,  particularly  in  so 
far  as  it  has  helped  solve  the  problem  of  the  rehabilitation 
of  our  crippled  soldiers,  sailors,  and  marines.  Indeed,  I 
wish  to  emphasize  that  it  is  our  feeling  that  the  work  of 
the  Institute  should  not  be  permitted  to  stop,  nor  will  this 
organization  lose  any  of  the  interest  which  it  has  in  the  work 
of  the  Institute.  We  do  believe,  however,  that  the  emer- 
gency of  war  having  passed  and  the  United  States  having 
set  up  its  own  program  for  the  rehabilitation  of  cripples 
disabled  during  the  war,  under  the  direction  of  the  Federal 
Board  for  Vocational  Education,  the  Red  Cross  must  now 
withdraw  from  further  responsibility  for  the  financial  support 
of  the  Institute. 

The  withdrawal  of  the  American  Red  Cross  was 
made  to  coincide  with  the  anniversary  of  Armistice 
Day,  November  11,  1919.  From  that  date  the 
Institute  has  been  known  as  the  Institute  for  Crip- 
pled and  Disabled  Men.  This  report  covers  the 
activities  of  the  Institute  to  May  1,  1920,  or  prac- 
tically three  years,  two  and  a  half  years  of  which  it 
was  under  the  auspices  of  the  American  Red  Cross. 

Referring  again  to  the  table  on  pages  10  and  1 1  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  principal  task  the  Institute  set  for  itself 
was  the  rehabilitation  of  men  who  are  suffering  from 
a  physical  disability,  usually  of  an  orthopedic  nature, 
that  is,  an  injury  involving  the  amputation  or  loss 

[14] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

of  use  of  some  limb.  The  work  was  not  planned  to 
include  children,  the  blind,  the  deaf,  the  tuberculous, 
cardiacs  nor  epileptics. 

MEDICAL  WORK 

The  Institute  has  not  undertaken  any  medical  or 
orthopedic  work.  Men  needing  such  attention  are 
referred  to  suitable  clinics  or  hospitals.  The  Institute 
makes  grateful  acknowledgement  of  the  hearty  co- 
operation afforded  it  by  the  Clinic  for  Functional 
Re-education  in  examinations  and  treatments  given 
to  men  referred  to  it  by  the  Institute.  The  value  of 
the  work  that  institution  is  doing  in  restoring  the 
functions  of  injured  members  and  thus  greatly  assist- 
ing in  the  rehabilitation  of  the  disabled  cannot  be 
computed.  By  skilful  surgical  care  and  functional 
re-education  the  handicap  is  reduced  to  the  minimum. 
The  Institute  must  take  the  man  'as  is',  and  plan  for 
his  rehabilitation  in  the  condition  in  which  it  finds 
him,  save  as  it  may  suggest  and  advise  that  he  seek 
the  improvement  of  his  physical  condition  at  the  hands 
of  the  medical  profession. 

PSYCHOLOGICAL 

The  success  of  efforts  on  the  behalf  of  a  disabled 
man  depends  very  largely  upon  the  spirit  of  the  man. 
Adversity  nerves  some  men  to  unwonted  effort,  others 
it  crushes.  Pluck,  resourcefulness,  ingenuity,  the  will 
to  succeed  in  spite  of  a  handicap,  will  enable  some 
men  to  surmount  every  obstacle.  But  they  are  the 
rare  ones  whose  achievements  brighten  the  dark  page 
of    cripple    history.      Take    the    average    industrial 

[15] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

worker  and  deprive  him  of  the  use  of  a  member 
which  he  has  looked  upon  as  indispensable  in  earning 
his  livelihood,  leave  him  to  his  own  gloomy  fore- 
bodings and  those  of  his  family  and  friends,, and  the 
stage  is  set  for  a  long  period  of  inactivity  and  depen- 
dency which  will  result  in  spiritual  loss  to  the  man 
and  economic  loss  to  the  community.  The  descent 
to  the  Avernus  of  chronic  dependency,  and  even 
mendicancy,  is  easy.  A  querulous  attitude  of  expect- 
ing special  consideration  because  of  misfortune  easily 
develops  into  the  demand  of  a  living  from  the  world 
as  a  right.  Self-pity  grows  upon  the  food  flung  to 
the  cripple  by  an  unthinking  public  that  knows  no 
better  way  than  a  dole  of  alms.  The  product  is  to 
be  found  on  the  curbstones  of  every  large  city. 

There  is  a  better  way.  It  is  to  meet  the  injured 
man  upon  the  threshold  of  his  altered  life  with  a 
positive  message  of  hope.  The  hospital  should  be 
the  nursery  of  new  hopes  and  ambitions  and  not  a 
Bridge  of  Sighs.  And  the  gospelers  who  seek  the 
disabled  man  in  the  hospital  must  have  in  their 
message  a  positive  note  born  of  a  definite  knowledge 
of  the  possibilities  open  to  the  handicapped  person. 
This  is  no  work  for  amateurs  actuated  by  commend- 
able sympathy  but  lacking  a  practical  knowledge  of 
how  remaining  powers  can  be  developed  and  turned  to 
account  in  the  struggle  for  an  independent  life.  Here 
is  a  new  field  of  effort  for  social  workers  requiring 
infinite  tact  and  patience  and  a  very  considerable 
knowledge  of  the  opportunities  offered  in  the  indus- 
trial world  to  the  handicapped  worker. 

[161 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

The  Institute  has  inaugurated  a  plan  to  get  into 
touch  with  the  disabled  worker  in  the  hospital  that 
it  may  bring  to  him  a  message  of  encouragement  and 
hope,  even  before  the  doctors  have  reached  the  point 
of  medical  finality.  Through  its  department  of  field 
work  it  has  furnished  to  the  principal  hospitals  in 
New  York  and  Brooklyn  a  blank  form  upon  which 
to  report  to  the  Institute  the  essential  facts  concerning 
any  case  suffering  from  an  injury  that  is  likely  seri- 
ously to  affect  his  earning  capacity.  The  cooperation 
of  hospital  social  service  departments  is  invited  in 
referring  to  the  Institute  any  persons  that  might  be 
benefited  by  the  services  it  has  to  offer,  either  in  the 
matter  of  advice,  training,  or  employment.  When 
requested,  a  visitor  is  sent  to  call  upon  the  man  and 
an  effort  is  made  to  enlist  his  cooperation  in  a  plan 
for  his  industrial  rehabilitation.  It  gives  new  courage 
to  a  man  to  know  that  an  organization  is  devoting 
itself  to  the  problems  that  confront  him  in  his  return 
to  a  life  of  activity.  In  some  cases  men  are  brought 
to  the  Institute  that  they  may  see  how  men  with 
similar  disabilities  are  being  trained  in  congenial 
occupations.  Advice  is  given  as  to  suitable  artificial 
limbs  and  appliances  that  may  mitigate  their  con- 
dition. .This  work  when  tactfully  done  may  give  the 
man  new  ideas  of  what  he  can  do  and  help  him  form 
plans  which  he  may  be  able  to  carry  out  without  any 
further  assistance  on  the  part  of  the  Institute.  The 
idea  that  should  be  implanted  in  his  mind  is  that 
he  is  to  return  to  some  form  of  activity  as  soon  as 
possible,  that  there  is  a  place  in  the  industrial  order 
for  every  man,  no  matter  how  great  his  disability, 

[17] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

and  that  his  own  happiness  depends  upon  his  finding 
it.  Such  an  idea  firmly  lodged  will  form  an  antidote 
to  the  toxin  of  dependency  and  self-pity. 

Not  long  ago  a  man  who  was  about  to  leave  the 
hospital  sat  in  the  director's  office  with  a  field  worker 
and  the  employment  secretary.  He  had  been  a 
skilled  wood-worker,  but  the  loss  of  both  legs  rendered 
his  return  to  his  former  occupation  impossible.  He 
had  no  idea  of  what  he  could  do  and  was  filled  with 
foreboding  that  his  working  days  were  over  and  that 
he  must  depend  for  his  living  upon  others.  When  he 
was  told  that  upon  his  return  from  the  country, 
where  he  was  being  sent  for  recuperation,  without 
doubt  an  occupation  could  be  found  for  him  in  which 
his  former  skill  would  count,  his  face  lighted  up  at 
the  prospect  of  remunerative  toil  and  as  he  went  out 
he  said,  "I  am  very  happy  to  know  that  I  can  be  of 
some  use  again."  The  future  will  not  wear  for  him 
the  sinister  face  it  did  before  he  met  people  that 
were  actually  finding  employment  for  men  more 
handicapped  than  he.  He  had  the  advantage  of 
being  already  a  skilled  worker  and  only  needed  help 
to  direct  that  skill  into  new  lines. 

Society  must  hedge  up  the  slough  of  despond  into 
which  many  an  injured  m.an,  left  to  his  own  unaided 
efforts,  has  stumbled.  Hospital  social  service  workers 
with  some  knowledge  of  the  rehabilitation  problem 
can  be  of  immense  service  in  this  field.  One  training 
school  for  hospital  social  service  has  adopted  the 
policy  of  acquainting  its  students  with  the  work  of 
the  Institute  by  a  visit  to  the  school.  The  Institute 
is  glad  to  give  assistance  to  any  who  are  interested 

118] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

in  rehabilitation  work.  Films  descriptive  of  work  for 
the  disabled  will  be  exhibited  at  any  time  on  request 
in  its  motion  picture  department  and  its  very  complete 
special  library  is  open  to  the  public. 

PROSTHETIC  APPLIANCES 

A  prosthesis,  or  prosthetic  appliance,  is  a  device 
attached  to  the  stump  of  an  amputated  limb,  the 
name  being  derived  from  the  Greek  words  signifying 
'something  added  to'.  By  means  of  ingenious  arti- 
ficial limbs  and  work  devices  an  amputated  member 
may  be  enabled  to  function  again  to  a  limited  degree, 
depending  largely  upon  the  length  and  condition  of 
the  stump.  In  the  case  of  the  amputation  of  a  leg 
midway  between  the  ankle  and  the  knee,  a  man  may 
wear  an  artificial  leg  with  such  skill  as  to  deceive  even 
a  close  observer.  The  wearing  of  an  artificial  limb 
when  the  leg  has  been  amputated  through  the  thigh 
is  attended  with  greater  discomfort,  but  obviates  the 
use  of  crutches  which  are  a  serious  drawback  to  em- 
ployment. Many  employers  will  hire  a  man  with  an 
artificial  limb  who  will  balk  at  a  man  on  crutches. 
And  the  continual  support  of  the  body  by  means  of 
crutches  may  have  an  unfavorable  effect  upon  the  use 
of  the  hands.  To  get  a  man  off  of  crutches  may, 
therefore,  be  an  important  step  in  his  industrial  re- 
habilitation. But  the  high  price  generally  asked  for 
artificial  limbs  has  barred  many  men  from  a  return  to 
remunerative  toil.  The  man  without  means  to  buy 
an  artificial  leg  is  apt  to  find  himself  in  a  vicious  circle : 
he  cannot  get  a  job  because  he  has  no  leg,  and  he 
cannot  afford  to  buy  a  leg  because  he  has  no  job. 

[19] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

Some  charitable  organizations  have  endeavored  to  pry 
a  man  out  of  the  vicious  circle  by  buying  a  leg  for 
him  and  enabling  him  to  pay  for  it  in  instalments. 

It  was  this  situation  that  influenced  the  Institute 
to  interest  itself  in  the  manufacture  of  artificial  limbs 
as  an  aid  to  industrial  rehabilitation.  When  the  limb 
shop  was  started  in  February,  1918,  it  was  with  the 
dual  purpose  of  furnishing  limbs  at  practically  cost 
to  needy  persons  and  to  train  men  in  the  industry. 
A  small  limb  shop  was  started  and  a  few  trainees  were 
enrolled.  The  training  feature  has  not  been  a  con- 
spicuous success  owing  to  the  difficulty  of  getting 
trainees  with  sufficient  mechanical  ability  to  become 
proficient  workers,  and  the  great  demand  for  a  first 
class  product  which  can  be  turned  out  only  by  highly 
skilled  workmen. 

Another  consideration  led  to  the  building  up  of  a 
first  class  limb  shop.  The  director,  Mr.  McMurtrie, 
was  a  strong  advocate  of  a  governmental  limb  shop 
to  supply  artificial  limbs  to  disabled  soldiers  and 
sailors.  The  best  limb  makers  obtainable  were  pro- 
cured, improved  machinery  installed,  and  an  effective 
organization  built  up  with  the  idea  that  the  govern- 
ment might  see  its  way  clear  to  take  it  over  with 
advantage  to  the  disabled  ex-service  man  and  at  a 
saving  to  the  country.  Canada  has  successfully  oper- 
ated such  a  government  limb  shop.  A  sum  of  money 
was  set  aside  for  experimental  purposes  and  a  skilled 
mechanic  was  commissioned  under  the  Red  Cross  to 
visit  England,  France,  and  Belgium  to  study  the 
methods  found  to  be  most  successful  there.  A  col- 
lection of  the  prosthetic  devices  found  to  be  most 

[201 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

useful  in  France  was  gathered  by  the  American  Red 
Cross  in  Paris  and  placed  in  the  Institute  as  the 
nucleus  of  a  museum. 

The  government,  however,  found  difficulties  in  the 
way  of  operating  its  own  limb  shop  and  contented 
itself  with  a  liberal  patronage  of  the  Institute  shop. 
Up  to  May  1,  1920,  322  artificial  legs  have  been 
furnished  to  soldiers  and  sailors  under  orders  from 
the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance,  and  218  artificial 
arms,  covered  by  American  patents  and  manufactured 
by  private  makers,  have  been  fitted  to  government 
beneficiaries.  Besides  this,  18  limbs  have  been  fur- 
nished to  the  United  States  Employees'  Compensation 
Commission  for  government  employees  of  non-military 
status.  This  has  represented  a  considerable  saving  to 
the  government  as  most  of  them  have  been  furnished 
at  a  lower  price  than  that  asked  by  commercial  manu- 
facturers. 

The  Institute  found  that  the  purchase  of  shoes  by 
the  ex-service  man  often  imposed  a  hardship  as  this 
expense  was  not  allowed  by  the  government  and  for 
a  time  shoes  and  stump  socks  were  furnished  with 
each  artificial  leg.  Two  hundred  pairs  of  shoes  were 
furnished  by  the  Institute  at  a  cost  of  $1,200.  That 
practice  has  now  been  discontinued  and  the  necessary 
stump  socks  are  furnished  by  the  government. 

The  advantages  of  the  limb  shop  have  been  reaped 
by  377  civilians  who  have  had  limbs  made.  Limbs 
of  the  most  approved  type  and  best  material,  made 
by  expert  workmen,  are  furnished  practically  at  cost 
to  needy  persons.  Those  who  cannot  pay  for  an 
artificial  limb  in  a  lump  sum,  and  whose  chances  of 

[21] 


THREE      YEARS     OF      WORK 

earning  a  livelihood  would  be  improved  by  the  posses- 
sion of  one,  can  arrange  for  small  weekly  or  monthly 
payments  as  their  circumstances  will  allow.  In  such 
cases  the  cost  of  the  leg  is  borne  by  a  special  fund, 
provided  by  the  Women's  Committee,  into  which  the 
deferred  payments  are  turned,  thus  becoming  a  kind 
of  revolving  fund  for  assisting  needy  persons.  Grants 
in  aid  have  also  been  made.  A  specific  instance  will 
show  of  what  benefit  this  special  fund  may  be. 

A  lady  brought  to  the  attention  of  the  Institute 
the  very  deserving  case  of  a  young  colored  man  with 
whom  she  became  acquainted  during  periodical 
sojourns  in  West  Virginia.  He  had  lost  both  legs 
below  the  knees  in  a  railway  accident  and  was  strug- 
gling to  make  a  living  by  doing  laundry  work  and 
helping  in  the  kitchens  of  winter  visitors.  The  very 
low  scale  of  wages  prevailing  in  his  district  made  the 
purchase  of  a  pair  of  artificial  limbs  an  impossibility. 
He  did  most  of  his  work  upon  his  knees,  but  when 
he  performed  his  duties  as  a  lay  preacher  he  wore  a 
pair  of  clumsy  legs  made  by  the  village  blacksmith. 
It  was  arranged  that  he  should  be  furnished  with  a 
pair  of  legs  for  the  usual  price  of  one  and  that  he 
should  pay  for  them  out  of  his  wages  at  the  rate  of 
$5.00  a  month.  In  order  to  make  it  possible  for  him 
to  come  to  New  York  to  be  properly  fitted  this  lady 
took  him  into  her  employ  during  the  winter  as  a  cook. 
The  joy  at  possessing  a  pair  of  legs  which  enabled 
him  to  walk  with  such  ease  that  the  casual  observer 
would  not  suspect  that  he  wore  artificials  fairly  radi- 
ated from  his  countenance.  He  performs  his  full 
duties  as  a  cook  with   physical  comfort  and    is   to 

122] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

return  to  his  home  in  the  southland  a  happy  and 
rehabilitated  man,  with  a  very  warm  spot  in  his 
heart  for  the  Red  Cross  and  the  lady  who  made  it 
possible  for  him  to  get  the  legs. 

He  fairly  put  to  shame  a  strapping  big  fellow  who 
had  suffered  a  similar  amputation  and  whom  he  saw 
in  the  Grand  Central  station  taking  toll  of  the  passers- 
by  under  the  pretext  of  selling  pencils.  This  camou- 
flaged beggar  was  surprised  to  be  accosted  by  a  very 
sprightly  walking  young  colored  man  who  expressed 
sympathy  with  him  as  one  who  had  a  similar  disable- 
ment and  exhibited  his  very  serviceable  artificial  legs 
and  advised  him  to  seek  the  same  help  from  the  Red 
Cross.  Upon  the  promise  that  he  would  give  up 
panhandling  and  seek  a  self-respecting  occupation  the 
Institute  made  a  pair  of  legs  for  this  other  victim  of 
a  railroad  accident  who  now  stands  a  full  six  feet  on 
his  new  legs  after  having  walked  for  years  upon  his 
knees  to  enlist  the  sympathy  of  the  public  that  knows 
no  better  way  to  help  than  to  drop  its  dimes  and 
quarters  into  an  outstretched  hat.  The  Institute  is 
now  waiting  for  this  second  beneficiary  to  redeem  his 
promise  to  give  up  begging  and  to  use  his  artificial 
legs  and  not  his  stumps  for  'business  purposes'.  But 
he  has  recently  been  seen  in  his  old  haunts  wearing 
the  old  knee-pads  and  harvesting  his  small  coins, 
although  he  has  perfectly  good  legs  at  home  bought 
and  paid  for  at  the  Institute  at  fifty  cents  on  the 
dollar! 

Another  erstwhile  mendicant,  however,  was  re- 
deemed from  the  street.  For  three  years  he  peddled 
lead  pencils  because  he  knew  of  no  other  way  of  making 

[23] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

a  living  at  the  age  of  forty-eight  and  minus  two  feet. 
The  Institute  made  him  a  pair  of  legs  at  cost  and 
agreed  to  wait  for  its  pay  until  he  should  have  a  job 
and  begin  to  save  something  out  of  his  wages.  He 
was  earnest  in  his  desire  to  quit  begging  and  accepted 
a  job  found  for  him  by  the  employment  department 
at  $12  a  week.  Out  of  that  slender  pay  in  five  weeks 
he  saved  S20  towards  the  legs  he  was  already  wearing 
with  great  satisfaction.  Then  for  a  time  he  was  laid 
up  with  rheumatism  and  had  to  be  cared  for  by  the 
city.  Now  again  he  is  working  for  $14  a  week  and 
has  made  another  payment  of  $20  on  his  legs.  His 
efforts  to  support  himself  at  self-respecting  toil  puts 
to  shame  many  a  husky  young  fellow  with  but  a  single 
amputation  who  sells  his  manhood  on  the  sidewalk 
for  the  nickels  and  dimes  of  an  indulgent  public. 

The  value  of  an  artificial  appliance  in  making  it 
possible  for  a  man  to  return  to  his  former  occupation 
in  which  he  has  acquired  skill  is  shown  in  the  case  of 
a  man  who  lost  a  half  of  one  foot  in  a  shipyard.  He 
could  not  return  to  his  work  as  a  fitter  because  of  his 
injured  foot  and  he  was  sent  to  the  Institute  by  a 
casualty  company  to  be  trained  for  a  new  trade.  He 
received  training  as  a  monotype  caster  runner  and 
was  found  a  position  in  that  occupation.  During  his 
stay  at  the  Institute  he  was  fitted  with  a  partial  foot 
which  he  found  to  be  of  such  value  to  him  that  he 
has  given  up  his  newly  acquired  trade  and  returned 
to  the  shipyard  as  a  layer-out  at  excellent  wages.  To 
be  sure,  he  has  an  alternative  occupation  which  he 
can  take  up  should  occasion  demand,  but  the  artificial 
appliance  in  the  first  place  would  have  made  it  possible 

[24] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

for  him  to  return  to  the  employ  of  the  shipyard  and 
would  have  saved  the  casualty  company  a  considerable 
expense  in  training  him  for  a  new  occupation.  How- 
ever, he  expresses  himself  as  being  very  grateful  for 
the  lessons  of  self-help  he  learned  at  the  Institute. 

In  the  matter  of  supplying  artificial  arms  the  experi- 
ence of  the  Institute  has  not  led  it  to  a  very  sanguine 
view  of  the  usefulness  of  any  artificial  device  as  a  sub- 
stitute for  the  human  hand.  The  French  have  been 
reasonably  successful  in  the  use  of  various  specialized 
tool-holders  as  substitutes  for  a  missing  hand.  But 
little  progress  has  been  made  in  this  country  along  this 
line.  Perhaps  the  reason  is  to  be  found  in  the  fact 
that  the  number  of  men  losing  a  hand  or  arm  is  com- 
paratively so  small  in  this  country  that  the  necessity 
of  equipping  them  for  manual  trades  has  not  been  so 
apparent  as  in  France. 

A  few  simple  inventions  of  general  utility  have  been 
fitted  to  partial  arm  amputations,  their  usefulness 
depending  very  largely  upon  the  length  of  the  stump. 
Dress  arms  for  appearance  sake  have  some  value  for 
men  in  certain  occupations,  particularly  clerical, 
where  it  is  desirable  to  obscure  evidence  of  disability, 
but  for  practical  work  purposes  their  advantage  is 
usually  offset  by  the  inconvenience  and  discomfort  of 
wearing  them.  But  the  Institute  has  interested  itself 
in  supplying,  in  several  instances,  some  practical 
device  for  a  definite  purpose.  It  was  desirable  that 
a  young  man  who  had  lost  all  the  fingers  of  his  left 
hand  should  be  fitted  with  a  device  by  which  he  could 
hold  the  metal  rod  or  wire  used  in  the  process  of  oxy- 
acetylene  welding.    A  special  glove  equipped  with  an 

{25] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

adjustable  clip  was  made  for  him  which  enabled  him 
to  qualify  as  a  welder  at  which  he  secured  a  position 
at  good  wages.  Men  who  have  lost  a  left  hand  have 
also  been  furnished  with  appliances  whereby  they 
could  do  welding. 

The  Institute  is  always  ready  to  study  a  man's 
need  for  a  particular  operation  in  which  a  special 
device  may  enable  him  to  perform  the  work.  In  one 
instance  a  skilled  sewing  machine  operator  was  thrown 
out  of  a  highly  paid  job  because  a  disability  affecting 
his  legs  made  it  impossible  for  him  to  operate  the 
usual  device  for  controlling  his  motor-driven  machine. 
The  mechanical  expert  at  the  Institute  contrived  a 
device  whereby  the  balancing  of  his  forearm  resting 
upon  a  wooden  splint  controlled  the  starting  and 
stopping  of  his  motor  without  interfering  with  the 
function  of  his  hand.  There  are  many  possibilities 
for  the  utilization  of  men  with  specific  disabilities  by 
the  adaptation  of  machinery  to  their  use.  But  the 
development  of  this  line  of  work  will  await  the  inter- 
ested attention  of  manufacturers  who  will  undertake 
it,  either  because  of  a  desire  to  help  the  disabled,  or 
to  utilize  the  handicapped  worker  in  a  short  labor 
market. 

The  Institute  has  not  undertaken  to  make  braces 
for  deformities  but  the  advisability  of  so  doing  has 
been  urged  upon  it.  The  high  prices  exacted  in  this 
trade  impose  a  hardship  upon  the  poor.  The  Institute 
is  considering  adding  a  skilled  brace-maker  to  the  staff 
of  its  limb  shop  as  another  means  towards  industrial 
rehabilitation. 

[26] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 
RE-EDUCATIONAL 

The  training  activities  of  the  Institute  did  not  begin 
until  March,  1918,  only  a  little  over  two  years  ago. 
It  has  reason  to  be  proud  of  the  achievements  of  its 
first  trainee  who  is  now  earning  his  $30  a  week  as  a 
mechanical  draftsman  in  the  employ  of  one  of  the 
largest  manufacturers  of  elevators,  despite  the  fact 
that  he  has  but  one  hand.  He  was  a  man  of  twenty- 
nine  and  some  years  before  had  lost  his  left  arm  at  the 
elbow  while  operating  a  circular  saw.  He  had  had 
the  disheartening  experience  of  many  another  crippled 
man  who  has  again  and  again  been  refused  a  chance 
to  show  what  he  could  do.  He  had  taken  up  sign 
lettering  in  an  evening  class,  but  no  one  would  employ 
a  one-handed  sign  writer,  so  he  was  employed  at  $10 
a  week  as  a  messenger  for  a  firm  making  blue-prints. 
Mr.  James  Pollock,  a  mechanical  engineer  who  had 
lost  his  left  hand  some  years  before,  was  engaged  as 
an  instructor  and  with  his  class  of  one  started  out  to 
demonstrate  that  a  man  with  one  good  hand  and  a 
usable  stump  could  become  a  draftsman.  Eventually 
three  other  one-handed  men,  who  are  now  employed 
as  draftsmen,  joined  the  class  and  came  under  the 
instruction  of  the  one-handed  engineer  who  showed 
a  genuine  enthusiasm  for  the  work.  It  was  necessary 
for  the  Institute  to  stake  the  first  student  to  the  train- 
ing and  it  proved  to  be  money  well  invested,  for  after 
he  had  secured  a  position  he  faithfully  returned  every 
cent  advanced  him,  although  his  initial  wage  was  but 
$15  a  week. 

Two  other  trainees  of  the  drafting  class  deserve 
mention  as  showing  what  was  accomplished  by  the 

[27] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

faithful  devotion  to  his  work  of  the  one-armed  en- 
gineer, a  man  who  had  already  reached  the  age  at 
which  most  men  think  of  retiring  from  active  Hfe. 
Reference  has  already  been  made  to  one  of  these,  a 
hemiplegiac  with  a  useless  right  arm,  impaired  loco- 
motion, and  cardiac  trouble.  It  seemed  almost  a 
hopeless  task  to  prepare  this  man  to  earn  his  living 
by  the  use  of  his  left  hand  which  had  never  done  any 
skilled  work.  For  a  year  he  stuck  doggedly  to  his 
drawing  board  while  the  Institute  advanced  him  a 
small  weekly  stipend  for  his  living  expenses.  The 
training  which  his  left  hand  received  enabled  him  to 
take  a  position  with  a  firm  requiring  the  retouching 
of  negatives.  He  has  received  several  advances  in 
wages  and  has  also  earned  the  respect  and  confidence 
of  his  employer.  Each  week  he  has  laid  by  something 
with  which  to  return  what  was  advanced  him  by  the 
Institute.  He  is  happy  in  being  able  to  earn  his  living 
instead  of  becoming  a  helpless  dependent. 

The  other  case  deserving  special  mention  is  that  of 
a  lad  of  sixteen  who  lost  both  legs  below  the  knees 
and  his  left  arm  below  the  elbow.  He  was  fast  be- 
coming a  mendicant,  selling  papers  on  his  knees,  when 
a  welfare  organization  in  a  neighboring  state  secured 
funds  to  send  him  to  the  Institute.  He  resumed  the 
use  of  artificial  limbs  which  had  been  provided  for 
him  but  which  he  found  convenient  to  leave  at  home 
when  appealing  to  the  sympathies  of  the  public.  He 
was  given  a  course  in  mechanical  drafting  and  after 
ten  months'  training  was  found  employment  as  a 
draftsman.  The  moral  effect  of  the  training  received 
at  the  Institute  by  this  very  likeable  chap  was  of  even 

[28] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

greater  value  than  the  skill  he  acquired  in  the  use  of 
his  one  hand.  With  a  severe  triple  handicap  that 
might  daunt  the  most  courageous  he  can  hold  up  his 
head  as  a  self-respecting  and  independent  member  of 
society. 

During  the  thirteen  months  this  class  was  con- 
ducted nine  men  were  trained  for  drafting  who  found 
employment  in  that  line  of  work.  In  the  readjustment 
of  industries  requiring  draftsmen  at  the  close  of  the 
war  the  call  for  draftsmen  fell  off  and  it  was  considered 
wise  to  discontinue  the  class  and  the  one-armed  in- 
structor found  a  position  teaching  disabled  soldiers  in 
the  reconstruction  hospitals.  It  may  be  that  a  new 
demand  for  draftsmen  may  make  the  reopening  of 
the  course  advisable,  for  it  has  been  demonstrated 
that  it  is  a  suitable  occupation  for  men  of  a  certain 
type  who  have  one  good  hand  and  a  serviceable  stump 
for  holding  the  T-square  and  triangle  in  position. 

PRINTING 

By  May,  1918,  a  very  complete  print  shop  had 
been  installed  for  the  purpose  of  giving  instruction 
in  various  branches  of  the  printing  trade,  but  more 
especially  to  train  monotype  operators  who  are  always 
in  demand.  Through  the  generosity  of  the  Lanston 
Monotype  Machine  Company  two  keyboards  and  four 
casting  machines,  with  a  full  complement  of  equipment, 
were  loaned  for  the  instruction  of  operators.  Instruc- 
tion in  keyboard  operating  has  been  confined  to  those 
who  had  formerly  followed  the  printing  trade.  Two 
soldiers  were  given  partial  instruction  but  their  removal 
to  hospitals  at  a  distance  interrupted  their  training, 

[29] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

The  chief  instruction  has  been  given  in  the  operation 
of  the  casting  machine  which  does  not  require  a  high 
degree  of  mechanical  skill  and  can  be  done  by  men 
with  various  disabilities.  Several  men  who  had  lost 
fingers,  and  more  who  were  lame,  have  been  trained 
for  this  line  of  work.  The  period  of  training  has 
varied  from  five  weeks  to  as  many  months.  The 
initial  wage  has  generally  been  $15  a  week.  The  first 
trainee,  who  had  lost  two  fingers  of  his  right  hand  in 
a  munition  factory  and  whose  remaining  fingers  were 
stiff,  is  now  after  less  than  two  years  in  the  trade 
earning  $40  a  week.  Positions  are  found  without 
difficulty  for  trainees  as  soon  as  they  are  competent 
to  take  charge  of  a  caster.  The  advanced  students 
are  paid  a  small  training  wage  when  this  is  necessary 
to  their  maintenance. 

Of  the  twenty-eight  men  enrolled  for  instruction  as 
caster  runners,  fourteen  completed  their  training  and 
were  placed  in  positions;  the  rest  were  either  dropped 
as  unsuitable  or  failed  to  turn  up  for  training  after 
enrolment.  One  man  found  the  work  unsuitable  and 
was  given  training  at  press  feeding  and  was  for  a  time 
employed  by  the  Institute.  He  has  since  entered 
another  occupation. 

The  print  shop  has  done  a  large  amount  of  printing 
for  the  Red  Cross  and  the  excellence  of  its  work  has 
received  very  favorable  comment.  The  Carry  On 
magazine  was  set  up  in  its  shop,  and  Thumbs  Up  and 
other  Institute  publications  are  issued  from  its  press. 
Some  outside  printing  is  also  done. 

[30] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 
MOTION  PICTURE  PROJECTION 

Motion  picture  projection  has  proved  a  boon  to  a 
large  number  of  handicapped  men  since  the  class  was 
started  in  June,  1918.  Of  the  seventy-three  men 
enrolled  in  the  class,  thirteen  had  suffered  the  ampu- 
tation of  a  leg  and  twenty  were  lame;  thirteen  had 
some  arm  disability.  Those  with  leg  amputations 
have  artificial  limbs,  for  crutches  are  highly  incon- 
venient in  a  motion  picture  booth.  Arm  injuries  that 
permit  of  at  least  the  partial  use  of  both  hands  need 
not  bar  a  man  from  this  work,  but  the  loss  of  a  hand 
does.  All  modern  projectors  are  motor  driven  so  that 
tiresome  cranking  is  eliminated.  Twenty  men  com- 
pleted their  training  and  were  licensed  as  operators, 
and  are  averaging  about  $35  a  week,  some  getting  as 
high  as  $50.  A  number  of  men  who  enrolled  for 
motion  picture  projecting  were  found  positions  at 
film  examining,  by  which  they  could  support  them- 
selves while  in  training  for  projecting,  and  continued 
in  that  employment  and  so  did  not  take  up  projecting. 
Others  were  evidently  afraid  they  could  not  master 
the  technical  knowledge  required  for  a  license  and 
dropped  out.  Then  there  was  the  usual  number  of 
men  who  enroll  and  never  show  up  again. 

Most  of  the  equipment  used  in  instruction  has  been 
loaned  by  the  manufacturers  of  projection  apparatus. 
A  text-book  prepared  by  Mr.  James  Cameron,  the 
instructor,  is  used  in  the  class  and  men  are  familiarized 
with  the  use  of  various  types  of  apparatus.  Candi- 
dates for  license  as  operators  must  be  at  least  twenty- 
one  years  of  age  and  must  pass  both  a  theoretical 

[31] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

and    practical   examination   conducted    by   the   city 
authorities. 

Many  of  the  men  who  have  taken  up  projection 
have  supported  themselves  during  their  training  by 
night  work  at  film  examining  and  mending  in  the 
large  film  exchanges.  The  figures  given  above  do 
not  include  some  nine  men  who  were  enrolled  for  brief 
instruction  in  film  examining  and  were  found  positions. 
Others  were  referred  directly  to  the  film  exchanges  by 
the  employment  bureau  and  received  their  training 
on  the  job. 

One  particularly  grateful  trainee  is  a  man  who  was 
a  painter  and  was  overcome  by  fumes  while  painting 
a  stack  and  fell  seventy-five  feet  injuring  his  spine 
so  that  he  walks  with  difficulty  with  two  canes.  When 
he  applied  for  instruction  he  was  making  but  $8  a 
week  at  dish-washing.  It  was  necessary  to  furnish 
him  with  maintenance  during  the  first  few  weeks  of 
his  training.  Then  he  secured  a  night  position  as 
film  examiner  and  at  once  began  to  pay  back  the 
money  advanced  him  for  maintenance.  By  the  time 
he  had  secured  his  license  he  had  paid  back  his  main- 
tenance out  of  his  weekly  earnings  of  $18  a  week  at 
film  examining.  He  started  in  projecting  at  a  small 
wage  but  after  a  month  or  two  was  getting  $25  a 
week.  He  came  into  the  director's  office  the  other 
day  to  report  how  he  was  doing.  He  had  had  several 
increases  and  is  now  getting  $35  a  week.  With  justi- 
fiable pride  he  exhibited  his  savings  bank  account 
showing  that  in  about  eighteen  months  he  had  accu- 
mulated $1,400. 

132] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

Another  man  had  for  years  conducted  a  news- 
stand on  the  corner  where  the  Institute  is  located. 
His  powers  of  locomotion  were  greatly  impaired  many 
years  ago  by  an  injury  to  his  hips.  He  took  up  pro- 
jecting at  the  Institute  in  his  spare  time,  secured  a 
license  and  has  doubled  his  weekly  income  by  oper- 
ating evenings.  He  is  now  an  instructor  at  the  In- 
stitute in  the  practical  use  of  the  apparatus. 

Several  British,  Canadian,  and  American  soldiers 
have  been  trained  for  this  work.  Men  who  have  been 
trained  at  the  Institute  have  become  competent  pro- 
jectors in  a  field  in  which  there  are  a  large  number  of 
men  with  insufficient  technical  knowledge  to  meet 
the  emergencies  that  are  likely  to  occur  in  the  booth. 
Considering  the  excellent  wages  received  by  the 
trainees,  the  comparatively  low  cost  of  instruction, 
and  the  constant  demand  for  competent  operators 
this  class  has  proved  to  be  very  successful. 

WELDING 

In  July,  1918,  instruction  was  begun  in  oxy-acety- 
lene  welding.  A  brick  shop  had  been  built  adjoining 
the  Institute  and  apparatus  installed  for  instruction 
in  cutting  and  welding.  An  acetylene  generator  was 
also  provided.  The  shop  is  also  equipped  with  port- 
able apparatus  which  is  used  for  jobs  away  from  the 
shop.  Where  pre-heating  is  required  it  can  be  done 
in  the  shop  or  yard  by  means  of  charcoal  or  a  kerosene 
torch . 

The  Institute  was  influenced  in  selecting  oxy- 
acetylene  welding  as  a  suitable  subject  for  instruction 
because  of  the  fact  that  a  man  with  one  good  hand, 

[33] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

particularly  if  it  be  the  right,  and  even  a  makeshift 
for  a  left  capable  of  holding  a  light  metal  rod,  can 
become  a  welder  in  from  six  to  twelv^e  weeks  if  he 
has  a  fair  degree  of  intelligence.  The  ability  to  read 
English  is  not  essential  as  the  training  is  of  a  practical 
nature.  The  process  is  being  rapidly  extended  in 
metal  industries  and  there  is  a  good  demand  for 
welders  at  excellent  wages. 

During  the  twenty-two  months  that  instruction 
has  been  given  eighty-five  men  have  been  enrolled. 
The  number  of  those  with  arm  disabilities  was  forty- 
three,  of  which  number  eleven  had  lost  a  hand  and 
thirteen  a  portion  of  a  hand;  those  with  leg  disabilities 
numbered  twenty-five,  of  which  twelve  had  suffered 
an  amputation.  The  remaining  thirteen  had  various 
disabilities.  Twenty-nine  completed  their  training 
and  were  placed  in  welding  jobs;  of  this  number  six- 
teen had  arm  disabilities,  seven  leg  disabilities  and 
six  miscellaneous  disabilities.  Others  have  probably 
taken  welding  jobs  but  have  not  reported  the  fact  to 
the  Institute,  although  all  who  received  instruction 
were  requested  to  do  so.  There  was  the  usual  number 
who  enrolled  for  the  course  but  either  failed  to  show 
up  for  instruction  or  dropped  out  of  training  for  one 
reason  or  another.    A  few  found  the  work  unsuitable. 

The  men  in  training  have  had  the  advantage  of 
assisting  in  practical  welding  jobs  of  wide  variety. 
The  instructor  is  an  expert  welder  with  years  of  prac- 
tical experience.  A  considerable  amount  of  custom 
work  is  brought  to  the  shop.  One  of  the  trainees  was 
engaged  as  a  business  agent  and  has  worked  up  a 
custom  trade  that  brings  in  a  substantial  revenue. 

[34] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

The  need  was  felt  for  a  truck  to  bring  in  jobs,  as  well 
as  to  serve  other  purposes  of  the  Institute,  and  a  one- 
ton  Ford  truck  was  presented  to  the  Institute  by  the 
Red  Cross.  It  serves  all  the  departments,  bringing  in 
custom  work  and  making  deliveries  for  the  welding 
shop,  the  typewriter  repair,  enameling,  nickel  plating, 
and  printing  departments,  and  also  assisting  the 
Federation  of  Associations  for  Cripples  in  taking  work 
to  the  home-bound  cripples  under  its  care. 

The  custom  work  brought  to  the  shop  comprises 
broken  typewriters,  machine  and  automobile  parts, 
bronze  and  aluminum  castings,  steel  barrels,  and  a 
wide  variety  of  miscellaneous  repairs.  In  this  way 
the  trainees  obtain  knowledge  of  general  welding  and 
cutting  operations.  The  training  is  rather  expensive 
because  of  the  gas  and  materials  used,  but  the  revenue 
of  the  shop  is  a  substantial  offset  to  this  expense. 

Three  or  four  typical  cases  may  be  of  interest. 
A  young  Italian  lad  of  seventeen  lost  the  four  fingers 
of  his  right  hand  in  a  punch  press.  He  took  training 
in  the  afternoon  as  he  could  spare  time  from  his  job 
as  errand  boy  at  which  he  was  earning  $7  a  week. 
He  secured  a  job  with  a  street  railway  company  at 
$4.17  a  day  which  he  has  held  for  over  a  year  and  is 
planning  to  devote  his  evenings  to  a  course  in  me- 
chanical engineering. 

Another  Italian  lad  of  fifteen  who  had  lost  four 
fingers  of  his  left  hand  came  to  the  Institute  and  tried 
mechanical  drafting  for  a  while.  He  found  the  work 
unsuitable  and  was  transferred  at  his  own  request  to 
the  welding  class.  His  attendance  was  somewhat 
irregular  owing  to  youthful  instability  and  he  finally 

[35] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

ceased  coming  and  it  was  supposed  he  had  abandoned 
the  work.  But  some  time  later  he  reported  that  he 
was  engaged  in  welding  in  a  shipyard  at  $27  a  week. 
Recently  he  telephoned  in  to  say  that  he  was  making 
$40  a  week. 

The  bearing  which  rehabilitation  through  training 
may  have  upon  the  question  of  workmen's  compen- 
sation is  shown  by  the  case  of  a  mechanic  who  fell  in 
a  submarine  during  its  construction  in  a  shipyard. 
He  sustained  a  compound  fracture  of  the  left  arm 
followed  by  infection.  For  a  year  and  a  half  he  was 
unable  to  work  and  received  $10  a  week  compensation. 
The  company  considered  him  a  $4,000  liability.  The 
far-sighted  manager  of  the  casualty  company  carrying 
the  risk  determined  to  experiment  with  his  re-educa- 
tion. In  addition  to  his  regular  compensation,  which 
was  continued  to  his  wife,  he  was  furnished  with  trans- 
portation to  New  York  and  $20  a  week  for  his  expenses. 
He  was  given  six  weeks  in  the  welding  shop  at  the 
Institute  and  at  the  end  of  that  time  returned  to  the 
shipyard  at  a  better  wage  than  before  his  injury.  His 
arm  improved  with  use  and  he  is  now  one  of  the  best 
welders  in  the  shipyard  drawing  his  $50  a  week.  The 
company  was  able  to  write  him  off  their  books  at  a 
saving  of  about  $3,000  of  the  estimated  cost  of  his 
prolonged  disability.  Encouraged  by  that  case  the 
same  casualty  company  has  sent  four  other  men  to  the 
Institute  for  training  with  the  result  that  they  are  all 
earning  good  wages.  Another  casualty  company  had 
an  injured  workman  trained  in  welding  and  restored 
to  a  good  wage  scale. 

[36] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

What  the  Red  Cross  in  Cincinnati  got  for  the  invest- 
ment of  $200  in  a  patriotic  lad  from  North  Carohna 
is  interesting.  In  his  anxiety  to  bear  arms  for  his 
country  he  falsified  his  age  and  was  sent  to  Fort 
Thomas  to  be  inducted  into  service.  As  he  stepped 
from  the  street  car  he  sprained  his  ankle  and  was  taken 
to  the  military  hospital.  Tonsilitis  and  appendicitis 
followed  in  quick  succession  and  Raynaud's  gangrene 
nearly  claimed  him  as  a  victim.  He  lost  the  ends  of 
his  toes,  the  ends  of  the  fingers  of  his  right  hand  and 
all  the  fingers  and  thumb  of  his  left  hand.  Being 
under  eighteen  and  not  having  been  inducted  into 
service  he  was  outside  the  provisions  of  the  govern- 
ment for  the  rehabilitation  of  disabled  soldiers.  He 
was  sent  to  the  Institute  in  January,  1919,  for  re- 
education. A  device  was  made  for  the  stump  of  his 
left  hand  which  enabled  him  to  do  welding.  In  May 
he  was  sent  back  to  Cincinnati  to  take  a  welding  job 
at  $25  a  week.  The  $200  paid  all  his  expenses  while 
in  training  and  he  had  a  little  money  in  his  pocket 
after  his  return  fare  had  been  paid. 

JEWELRY  MAKING 

In  July,  1918,  a  class  in  jewelry  making  that  had 
been  conducted  for  ten  years  by  the  Brearley  League 
in  the  Rhinelander  School  for  Crippled  Children  was 
transferred  to  the  Institute,  the  League  continuing  to 
pay  the  salary  of  the  instructor.  Most  of  the  trainees 
are  boys  who  are  handicapped  by  some  crippling  dis- 
ease but  have  good  use  of  their  hands.  They  are 
taught  the  elementary  processes  of  hand  work  in  the 
manufacture  of  jewelry,  such  as  soldering,  sawing, 

[37] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

filing,  piercing,  etc.  Such  instruction  is  given  them 
in  geometry  as  will  enable  them  to  apply  designs  to 
metal. 

One  young  lad  was  put  into  the  class  who  was  so 
badly  crippled  that  he  rarely  left  home  and  when  he 
first  came  to  the  Institute  had  to  be  carried  upstairs. 
He  walked  with  great  difficulty  on  crutches.  He  dis- 
played a  talent  for  drawing  and  was  given  instruction 
in  jewelry  designing.  With  great  faithfulness  and 
regularity  he  attended  the  Institute  for  a  year  and  a 
half  coming  from  his  home  by  the  street  car,  his 
package  of  lunch  dangling  from  the  button-hole  of 
his  coat.  His  placement  at  commercial  work  seemed 
almost  an  impossibility,  but  finally  a  position  was 
found  for  him  with  a  jewelry  firm  where  his  work  is 
coloring  the  designs  of  coats  of  arms.  For  this  he  is 
getting  $9  a  week  for  four  hours'  work  a  day. 

Some  older  men  have  also  taken  the  training.  One 
was  a  United  States  mail  cadet  who  lost  a  leg  through 
an  accident  on  shipboard.  After  four  months'  training 
he  took  a  position  where  he  is  now  earning  $27  a 
week  with  good  prospects  of  increasing  wages.  An- 
other is  a  soldier  who  was  trained  for  five  months  in 
the  school  and  then  transferred  by  the  Federal  Board 
for  Vocational  Education  to  a  jewelry  factory  for 
further  placement  training.  The  Federal  Board  also 
found  a  soldier  who  had  lost  both  legs  who  wished 
training  in  jewelry  making.  As  he  could  not  get  to 
the  Institute  tools  were  furnished  him  at  home  and 
the  instructor  in  jewelry  goes  to  his  home  during  the 
noon  hour  to  give  him  instruction.    It  is  expected  that 

[38] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

he  will  be  able  to  get  about  on  artificial  legs  and  even- 
tually obtain  employment  in  a  shop. 

Fifty-three  trainees  have  been  enrolled  in  the 
jewelry  class,  all  but  five  having  some  disability 
affecting  their  powers  of  locomotion,  three  were  car- 
diacs, one  hard  of  hearing  and  one  a  dwarf.  Twelve 
have  been  placed  in  the  jewelry  trade  at  wages 
ranging  from  $8  to  $27  a  week;  two  have  found  other 
work;  three  were  transferred  to  other  training;  four 
had  to  quit  for  health  reasons;  four  were  found  to 
be  unsuitable;  six  failed  to  show  up  after  enrolment; 
four  took  summer  training  and  then  returned  to 
school;   the  rest  are  in  training. 

The  present  demand  for  workers  in  the  jewelry 
trade  is  such  that  little  difficulty  is  found  in  placing 
the  students  after  four  or  five  months  of  training. 
Proficiency  and  the  resulting  high  wages  are  gained 
in  the  trade,  some  of  the  earlier  trainees  getting  as 
high  as  $50  a  week. 

The  Institute  has  received  the  gift  of  a  complete  set 
of  watch-maker's  tools  which  belonged  to  a  soldier 
who  gave  his  life  for  his  country.  This  equipment, 
given  by  the  soldier's  mother,  is  now  being  used  in 
teaching  watch  and  clock  repairing  and  the  first 
student  is  in  training. 

TYPEWRITER  REPAIR 

The  next  class  to  be  started  was  one  in  the  repair 
of  typewriters.  Instruction  was  begun  in  January, 
1919.  The  work  consists  in  the  cleaning,  repair,  re- 
building and  adjustment  of  typewriters  and  is  suitable 
for  men  mechanically  inclined  who  require  a  seated 

[39] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

occupation.  Most  of  the  men  enrolled  in  tiiis  class 
have  some  leg  disability.  A  good  repair  man  can 
usually  find  employment  at  good  wages. 

The  Institute  was  fortunate  in  getting  from  the 
army  some  eighty-nine  unusable  typewriters.  Some 
of  them  could  not  be  used  except  for  parts,  but  others 
could  be  rebuilt  and  rendered  serviceable.  These 
machines  were  made  the  basis  of  instruction  and 
outside  machines  were  also  taken  in  to  be  rebuilt. 
Dififiiculty  was  experienced  in  getting  the  parts  re- 
nickeled  and  inasmuch  as  there  was  a  nickel  plating 
outfit  belonging  to  the  artificial  limb  department  this 
was  enlarged  and  put  in  charge  of  a  one-armed  man. 
The  same  trouble  in  getting  the  frames  enameled  led 
to  the  installation  of  a  japanning  department  con- 
sisting of  an  oven,  spray  booth  and  air  brushes.  Now 
the  entire  work  of  rebuilding  a  typewriter  can  be  done 
at  the  Institute. 

Thirty-eight  men  have  been  enrolled  in  the  class 
in  typewriter  repair.  Six  men  have  found  positions 
as  repairmen;  three  were  transferred  to  other  training, 
four  had  to  give  up  for  health  reasons;  four  found 
other  work;  eight  did  not  return  after  enrolment; 
nine  are  still  in  training. 

Five  men  have  enrolled  for  nickel  plating,  including 
the  first  trainee  who  is  now  the  instructor.  He  has 
broken  in  a  lad  with  one  arm,  who  after  many  futile 
attempts  to  find  steady  employment  is  now  working 
for  a  nickel  plater;  one  was  found  to  be  unsuitable 
and  was  secured  other  employment;  the  other  two 
did  not  return  for  training. 

[401 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

Enameling  is  now  being  taught  to  four  men.  One 
man  with  a  partially  disabled  hand  has  been  placed 
at  enameling  where  he  uses  the  air  brush.  Two  others 
failed  to  take  the  training  after  enrolment.  This 
department  not  only  does  the  japanning  for  the  type- 
writer department  and  the  enameling  of  the  artificial 
limbs  but  also  takes  in  outside  work,  such  as  the 
japanning  of  sewing  machine  heads.  The  men  are 
also  taught  the  application  of  gilt  transfers. 

In  the  three  foregoing  classes  the  trainees  are  paid 
a  small  training  wage,  usually  $10  a  week,  in  lieu  of 
maintenance.  This  is  possible  where  the  men  are  en- 
gaged in  commercial  work.  They  are  required  to  turn 
out  a  product  that  will  be  acceptable  to  the  patron 
of  the  shop.  In  this  way  a  commercial  standard  is 
maintained  and  the  trainees  get  actual  experience 
under  shop  conditions. 

TELEPHONE  SWITCHBOARD  OPERATING 

It  was  found  that  the  private  telephone  exchange 
of  the  Institute  could  be  used  to  advantage  in  teaching 
men  who  could  not  undertake  work  of  a  more  exacting 
nature.  The  first  trainee  was  a  lad  who  had  lost  both 
legs  and  an  arm.  After  a  brief  training  at  the  switch- 
board he  was  found  a  position  as  a  night  operator  in 
a  hospital  and  for  over  a  year  has  supported  himself 
at  this  work.  Ten  men  have  been  found  positions 
involving  the  manipulation  of  the  switchboard  after 
a  few  days  or  weeks  of  training.  The  case  of  one  man 
is  typical.  He  was  a  colored  man  in  the  city  home 
who  had  lost  an  arm  and  a  leg  and  much  to  his  dislike 
was  forced  to  live  in  idleness  as  a  ward  of  the  city. 

[41] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

He  was  given  a  pass  to  come  to  the  Institute  and 
after  a  few  days'  training  was  found  a  situation  which 
raised  him  to  the  position  of  a  self-respecting  wage 
earner.  He  has  undertaken  to  further  better  his  con- 
dition by  getting  an  artificial  limb  which  he  is  paying 
for  out  of  his  slender  wages.  He  is  happy  to  be  able 
to  support  himself  on  his  own  earnings. 


STATISTICS  OF  TRAINING  DEPARTMENT 


-Cj 

■ci. 

QC 

•I 

•** 

1 

1^ 

"3 

5 

t«3 

Number  enrolled 

336 

20 

7 

31 

73 

85 

53 

38 

6 

7 

16 

Did  not  begin  work 

61 

5 

22 

16 

6 

8 

1 

2 

Transferred  to  another  class 

15 

3 

1 

2 

2 

3 

3 

Cont'd  training  elsewhere 

11 

1 

1 

3 

5 

1 

Found  other  work 

20 

2 

1 

1 

8 

2 

4 

1 

Unsuitable 

25 

4 

2 

5 

3 

4 

4 

1 

1 

Quit  on  account  of  health 

13 

1 

2 

2 

4 

4 

Quit — no  reason 

25 

1 

2 

1 

8 

7 

3 

2 

1 

Placed  in  work  trained  for 

115 

9 

2 

16 

28 

29 

12 

6 

1 

11 

In  training  May  1, 1920 

51 

8 

14 

14 

9 

4 

1 

PLACEMENT  TRAINING 

The  Institute  conducts  no  placement  training,  that 
is,  training  on  the  job  in  a  shop  or  factory.  The 
employment  department  has  acquired  a  knowledge, 
through  its  industrial  survey,  of  a  number  of  manu- 

[42] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

facturers  who  will  take  learners  and  will  pay  them  a 
wage  while  learning.  Where  the  processes  are  suitable 
for  the  handicapped,  and  conditions  of  work  are  satis- 
factory, men  likely  to  profit  by  such  training  are 
referred  to  those  places.  It  has  been  the  policy  of  the 
Institute  not  to  start  training  classes  in  industries  in 
which  placement  training  is  available  under  suitable 
conditions.  This  side  of  the  work  is  capable  of  large 
expansion.  It  would  require  careful  supervision  and 
follow-up  work  which  would  involve  the  cooperation 
of  the  employer,  and  would  necessitate  an  increase  in 
the  staff  of  the  Institute. 

While  having  the  advantage  of  greatly  multiplying 
the  training  opportunities  for  the  handicapped,  place- 
ment training  has  its  disadvantages,  particularly  in 
the  case  of  those  who  lack  confidence  in  their  abilities 
and  who  need  the  encouragement,  moral  tonic  and 
patient  oversight  they  are  more  likely  to  receive  in  a 
special  school  for  the  handicapped.  An  employer 
naturally  seeks  his  own  advantage  in  giving  training 
in  a  particular  process  and  his  object  is  to  make  that 
training  profitable  to  himself.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
Institute  seeks  to  develop  the  individual  and  to  lead 
him  by  easy  stages  into  habits  of  industry-.  The  rigid 
requirements  of  the  shop  must  necessarily  be  relaxed 
to  some  degree.  Cripples  who  find  travel  on  the  street 
cars  during  the  rush  hours  almost  terrifying  at  first 
must  be  given  some  leeway  in  the  matter  of  arrival 
and  departure.  Those  needing  to  attend  clinics  for 
treatment  must  be  accommodated;  those  who  can 
work  only  part  of  a  day,  either  from  a  lack  of  physical 

[43] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

endurance  or  to  assist  in  their  maintenance  by  part- 
time  work,  must  have  special  consideration.  It  is 
difficult  to  secure  these  special  considerations  in  a 
shop  conducted  for  purely  commercial  profit.  And, 
furthermore,  it  is  often  discouraging  for  a  handicapped 
worker  to  initiate  his  training  alongside  a  normal 
person,  but  where  he  works  with  other  handicapped 
persons  his  pride  will  lead  him  to  minimize  his  dis- 
ability and  to  strive  to  excel  in  his  work.  No  normal 
man  wishes  to  admit  that  another  is  worse  off  than  he. 
That  type  is  to  be  found  on  the  sidewalk  exhibiting 
his  disability  to  extract  sympathy  and  alms  from  the 
unthinking.  These  considerations  argue  strongly  for 
the  special  school  where  study  is  given  to  the  indi- 
vidual and  where  his  training  can  be  changed,  if 
necessary,  to  one  more  congenial  to  his  tastes  and 
capabilities.  These  conditions  do  not  obtain  in  most 
shops  offering  placement  training. 

HOME  TRAINING 

Another  field  of  training  with  which  the  Institute 
has  had  some  contact  is  that  for  the  cripple  who  is, 
either  temporarily  or  permanently,  home-bound.  Ex- 
cellent work  is  being  done  by  the  Federation  of  Asso- 
ciations for  Cripples  in  finding  profitable  work  for  the 
home-bound  and,  in  some  cases,  furnishing  them  with 
teachers.  The  secretary  of  the  Federation,  Miss 
Elizabeth  McCleery,  has  her  office  in  the  Institute 
and  its  motor  truck  is  used  to  send  to  shut-ins  work 
offered  by  manufacturers  and  to  bring  back  the  fin- 
ished product.    In  a  case  cited  above  the  instructor  in 

[44] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

jewelry  is  giving  instruction  to  a  soldier  who  has  lost 
both  legs  but  who,  it  is  expected,  will  eventually  be 
capable  of  undertaking  work  in  a  shop.  It  is  recom- 
mended by  the  recent  Cripple  Survey  that  the  re- 
sponsibility for  work  for  the  home-bound  be  definitely 
assumed  by  the  Institute.  This  work  is  designed  to 
bring  to  the  cripple,  who  cannot  leave  his  home,  not 
work  of  a  recreational  nature  such  as  the  well-to-do 
can  indulge  in,  but  work  which  will  assist  in  main- 
taining the  family  budget. 

MAINTENANCE 

In  dealing  with  the  problem  of  the  civilian  cripple 
the  question  must  be  answered,  how  are  the  expenses 
involved  in  carrying  out  a  plan  for  his  rehabilitation 
to  be  met?  In  the  case  of  the  soldier  the  government 
has  made  generous  provision  by  special  appropriation 
for  the  payment  of  his  tuition,  incidental  expenses, 
and  for  his  maintenance  during  training.  The  Insti- 
tute provides  free  training  to  both  soldier  and  civilian 
who  can  profit  by  the  courses  it  offers.  But  the  ques- 
tion of  living  expenses  must  also  be  faced. 

Those  who  are  injured  in  industries  covered  by 
workmen's  compensation,  state  or  federal  have,  pre- 
sumptively, at  least  a  slender  means  of  support  during 
training.  The  fact  is  that  few  men  receiving  work- 
men's compensation  take  training  during  the  period 
they  are  receiving  compensation.  This  for  several 
reasons.  Some  are  not  physically  fit.  Others  prefer 
to  enjoy  a  period  of  idleness,  little  reckoning  what 

[45] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

will  happen  when  compensation  ceases.  Others  have 
contracted  a  habit  of  assuming  an  attitude  of  disable- 
ment for  compensation  purposes.  Some  fear  that  any 
activity  on  their  part  will  jeopardize  their  compensa- 
tion, while  the  fact  is  that  the  taking  of  training 
without  pay  will  not  affect  their  status  with  the 
casualty  companies. 

A  large  class  of  persons  are  incapacitated  for  earning 
their  living  by  accidents  that  are  not  compensable,  by 
disease,  and  because  of  congenital  infirmities.  Society 
must  make  provision  for  these  as  well  as  for  those  in- 
jured in  industry. 

Men  who  have  been  trained  at  the  Institute  have 
been  supported  in  various  ways.  Some  have  received 
help  from  their  families  and  friends,  fraternal  and  phil- 
anthropic organizations.  Others  have  supported  them- 
selves in  part-time  jobs  furnished  by  the  employment 
department.  To  others  the  Institute  has  extended 
small  training  pay  in  production  classes,  and  some  it 
has  helped  by  maintenance  loans.  For  a  time  small 
weekly  loans  were  made  to  trainees  with  the  under- 
standing that  these  should  be  repaid  in  convenient 
instalments  when  a  position  had  been  secured.  Some 
trainees  have,  with  great  faithfulness  repaid  the  loans 
which  have  proved  to  be  a  veritable  boon  to  them,  but 
others  have  abused  the  confidence  of  the  Institute 
and  made  no  efforts  to  return  the  loans  although  able 
to  do  so.  On  the  whole  the  plan  has  been  rather  dis- 
appointing, as  is  shown  by  the  accompanying  table. 

[46] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 


MAINTENANCE  ACCOUNT 


Balance 

Loaned 

Repaid 

Unpaid 

Drafting 

$765.00 

$427.85 

$337.15 

Artificial  limb 

90.00 

6.00 

84.00 

Printing 

91.00 

91.00 

Motion  picture  operating 

546.00 

153.00 

393.00 

Welding 

419.00 

120.00 

299.00 

Jewelry 

248.00 

248.00 

Typewriter  repair 

136.00 

37.00 

99.00 

Nickel  plating 

Enameling 

Telephone  switchboard 

operating 

31.00 

31.00 

Totals 

$2,326.00 

$774.85 

$1,551.15 

It  is  still  believed  that  a  revolving  fund  judiciously 
used  and  properly  safeguarded  would  make  possible 
the  training  of  men  who  otherwise  would  be  deprived 
of  the  opportunity  This  might  be  more  effectively 
done  by  an  auxiliary  organization  who  would  be  guar- 
anteed against  losses  by  the  Institute.  By  this  means 
collections  might  be  expedited. 


EMPLOYMENT 

Special  facilities  must  be  provided  for  securing  em- 
ployment for  the  handicapped.  The  ordinary  employ- 
ment bureau  does  not  care  to  bother  with  cripples. 
More  thought  in  placing  them  is  required,  if  the  dis- 
abled man  and  the  employer  are  to  be  well  served. 

[47] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

The  needs  of  both  must  be  studied  with  a  care  not 
ordinarily  bestowed  upon  the  applicants  to  a  general 
bureau  or  upon  the  employer  using  only  normal  men, 
otherwise  the  placement  will  not  stick,  to  the  discour- 
agement of  the  cripple  and  to  the  disgust  of  the 
employer  who  is  willing  to  make  the  experiment.  It 
cannot  be  emphasized  too  strongly  that  the  rehabili- 
tation of  the  disabled  man  is  the  primary  considera- 
tion in  the  placement  of  the  handicapped.  The 
number  of  men  placed  is  not  so  important  as  the 
nature  of  the  placement.  To  get  a  man  an  immediate 
job  is  one  thing,  to  get  a  man  a  job  that  will  be  a 
positive  and  constructive  factor  in  his  rehabilitation 
is  quite  another  matter.  The  latter  kind  of  placement 
requires  a  very  special  knowledge  of  the  needs  of  an 
employer,  the  suitability  of  the  job  for  the  handi- 
capped worker,  and  the  temperament  and  capabilities 
of  the  man.  This  involves  a  personal  contact  with 
the  employer  and  the  enlistment  of  his  interest.  It  is 
an  office  job  plus  a  service  of  investigation  and 
follow-up. 

The  Institute  found  ready  to  hand  an  employment 
service  with  a  year's  experience  in  dealing  with  the 
handicapped.  It  grew  out  of  a  very  definite  need 
experienced  by  the  Federation  of  Associations  for 
Cripples  and  was  conducted  for  both  men  and  women 
by  the  Hudson  Guild.  In  January,  1918,  the  work 
for  men  was  taken  over  by  the  Institute  and  Miss 
Gertrude  R.  Stein  and  Miss  Hannah  Baumann,  who 
had  been  in  charge  of  that  work,  were  added  to  the 
staff  of  the  Institute.    Work  was  limited  to  men  with 

[48] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

orthopedic  handicaps,  that  is,  disabihties  affecting  the 
use  of  the  limbs,  although  a  few  other  types  were 
included,  for  there  are  often  secondary  handicaps 
affecting  sight,  hearing,  speech,  and  the  heart,  which 
when  they  stand  alone,  are  usually  referred  to  organi- 
zations dealing  particularly  with  such  cases. 

The  employment  department  has  kept  constantly 
in  mind  that  its  duty  is  to  assist,  by  all  suitable  means, 
in  the  rehabilitation  of  the  disabled,  by  advising  the 
men  to  secure  suitable  artificial  appliances  and  to 
seek  training  when  that  seems  to  be  feasible  and 
likely  to  produce  beneficial  results.  The  training 
facilities  of  the  Institute  are  kept  constantly  in  mind 
and  the  young  and  trainable  are  urged  to  consult 
the  director  with  a  view  to  learning  a  trade.  The 
result  is  that  it  is  a  feeder  to  "The  School  of  Another 
Chance." 

The  aim  of  the  department  is  to  make  constructive 
placements  of  positive  social  worth.  This  involves  a 
knowledge  of  the  medical  history  of  the  applicant. 
Where  possible  a  diagnosis  of  his  case  is  secured  from 
a  clinic  or  hospital  he  has  attended,  or  from  a  private 
doctor.  The  interests  of  the  public  must  be  con- 
sidered and  fellow-workers  guarded  against  a  com- 
municable disease.  A  record  of  epilepsy,  which 
sometimes  complicates  certain  orthopedic  cases,  must 
be  known  and  taken  into  consideration  in  work-plans 
for  a  man,  otherwise  an  injustice  may  be  done  to  an 
employer.  Suspicions  of  mental  defectiveness  some- 
times lead  to  a  psychological  test  by  a  psychiatrist. 

Not  only  must  the  interests  of  fellow  workers  be 
considered  but  the  man's  own  health  must  be  safe- 

[49] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

guarded.  This  involves  a  knowledge  of  the  sanitary 
conditions  of  the  shop  to  which  he  is  sent. 

Congeniality  of  work  must  enter  into  a  man's 
placement,  if  the  best  results  are  to  be  obtained.  It 
is  a  waste  of  time  and  effort  to  try  to  force  a  man  into 
a  job  he  does  not  like.  And  even  such  a  low  level 
occupation  as  a  watchman's  job  may,  after  all,  be  the 
most  suitable,  taking  into  consideration  the  taste  and 
caliber  of  the  man.  This  is  particularly  the  case  with 
older  men  who  may  be  untrainable. 

Another  thing  to  be  taken  into  consideration  is 
whether  the  wages  in  the  job  to  which  he  is  sent  are 
likely  to  increase  with  his  usefulness  to  his  employer. 
An  employer  is  asked  to  take  a  man  on  the  sole 
grounds  of  his  usefulness,  aside  from  any  charitable 
impulse.  But  the  cripple  must  be  guarded  against 
exploitation  and  any  employer  who  fails  to  pay  a 
cripple  according  to  his  worth  simply  because  he  is  a 
cripple  is  not  playing  fair.  Under  such  circumstances 
the  employment  bureau  is  justified  in  trying  to  find 
another  job  for  the  man. 

The  location  of  the  job  in  relation  to  the  man's 
home  deserves  some  attention.  The  difficulties  experi- 
enced by  the  normal  worker  in  using  the  lines  of 
public  transportation  during  the  rush  hours  are 
greatly  multiplied  in  the  case  of  the  cripple.  To  place 
a  man  in  a  job  across  the  city  when  another  near  his 
home  is  available  would  be  wasteful  of  his  strength. 

From  what  has  been  said  it  will  readily  be  seen  that 
an  employment  bureau  for  the  handicapped  must  give 
better  service  to  the  employer  than  the  ordinary 
agency.    Only  by  giving  better  service  can  it  maintain 

[501 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

its  hold  upon  the  employer  who,  quite  naturally,  is 
not  anxious  to  make  use  of  the  handicapped. 

The  special  bureau  must  constantly  deal  with  some 
men  who  are  practically  unplaceable  because  of  the 
nature  of  their  disabilities  or  their  attitude  of  mind. 
To  constantly  pester  an  employer  by  sending  him 
impossible  applicants  only  disappoints  him  with  the 
service  and  lessens  the  likelihood  of  his  considering 
men  who  might  really  be  useful  to  him.  Some  types 
have  been  recognized  as  almost  unplaceable:  the  old 
man  who  is  paraplegic  and  so  slow  as  to  be  a  drag 
on  the  job;  the  epileptic  and  those  with  communicable 
diseases;  the  man  with  a  double  arm  amputation ;  the 
man  of  clerical  type  with  a  right  side  hemiplegia  and 
whose  speech  centers  are  affected;  the  man  who  has 
formed  mendicant  habits  and  who  prefers  to  make  an 
easy  living  by  begging  rather  than  maintain  himself 
by  self-respecting  labor  at  a  lower  return.  Society 
must  face  the  problem  of  the  unplaceable  by  providing 
a  workshop  where  he  can  support  himself  at  something 
he  is  capable  of  doing,  even  if  his  work  be  not  com- 
mercially profitable.  It  would  be  economically  less 
wasteful  to  conduct  a  subsidized  workshop  for  the 
unfit  than  to  support  them  in  almshouses,  and  the 
mental  and  moral  benefit  to  the  men  themselves  would 
be  incalculable.  Only  when  such  facilities  are  pro- 
vided will  society  be  justified  in  taking  stern  measures 
to  remove  from  the  streets  the  mendicant  cripples, 
many  of  whom  are  arrant  fakirs,  but  others  of  whom 
are  absolutely  unplaceable. 

Mention  has  already  been  made  of  the  fact  that  an 
employment   bureau    must   know   the   opportunities 

[51] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

which  industry  offers  for  the  employment  of  the  handi- 
capped. Innumerable  industrial  surveys  have  been 
made,  but  here  is  need  for  another  to  discover  the 
operations  capable  of  being  performed  by  handicapped 
men,  to  acquaint  employers  with  this  source  of  labor 
supply  and  solicit  their  interest  and  cooperation. 

In  the  early  part  of  1918  the  Institute  undertook  a 
survey  of  the  chief  industries  of  New  York  City.  The 
manufacturers*  and  merchants'  associations  were  first 
visited  and  then  the  local  trade  associations  and  labor 
unions.  In  all,  102  associations  were  visited,  as  well 
as  twenty-seven  medical  societies  and  dispensaries. 
The  cooperation  of  trade  journals  was  solicited  and 
secured.  The  Institute  was  assisted  in  its  survey  of 
the  largest  factories  in  each  industry  by  Mr.  F.  R. 
Bigler,  of  Kansas  City,  himself  a  cripple  minus  an 
arm  and  a  leg,  who  was  quick  to  see  the  possibilities 
for  the  handicapped  worker.  During  the  first  six 
months  542  factories  were  carefully  surveyed  and 
reports  filed  at  the  Institute.  Many  thousands  of 
circulars  were  sent  out  and  about  1,500  factories  were 
visited  for  the  purpose  of  soliciting  interest  and  co- 
operation. More  than  1,200  different  jobs  were  found 
which  could  be  performed  by  leg  cripples  and  275  that 
could  utilize  arm  cripples. 

This  general  survey  was  v'aluable  in  locating  indus- 
tries that  could  use  cripples,  and  while  the  practical 
attempt  at  placing  men  in  those  jobs  may  have  sin(fe 
proved  that  the  view  of  the  survey  was  rather  roseate, 
great  benefit  was  derived  from  the  work.  The  present 
policy  of  the  department  is  to  visit  factories  upon  the 
invitation  of  employers  with  whom  correspondence 

[521 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

has  been  opened.  Upon  such  a  visit  the  investigator 
studies  the  processes  possible  for  a  handicapped 
person.  The  physical  aspects  of  the  factory  in  respect 
to  the  number  of  employees,  light,  ventilation,  dust, 
fire  hazards,  elevator  facilities,  sanitary  conditions, 
etc.,  are  noted  on  the  report.  The  type  of  employees 
is  acertained  and  the  existence  of  any  racial  prefer- 
ences or  antipathies.  This  is  quite  necessary  to  save 
the  applicant  from  rebuffs  that  are  likely  to  add  to 
his  discouragement. 

The  effectiveness  of  an  employment  bureau  depends 
very  largely  upon  its  follow-up  work.  Much  that  is 
helpful  can  be  learned  from  the  men  themselves  as  to 
conditions  they  meet  in  their  work.  It  has  been  found 
that  about  eighty  per  cent,  of  the  men  respond  to 
letters  sent  to  them  from  time  to  time  inquiring  how 
they  are  getting  along.  The  replies  are  summarized 
on  the  case  records.  An  evening  office  hour  once  a 
week  gives  the  men  an  opportunity  to  consult  with 
the  secretary  regarding  any  matter  upon  which  they 
may  need  advice.  Men  wishing  to  seek  other  employ- 
ment are  given  counsel.  It  is  felt  that  ordinarily  it 
is  best  for  the  cripples  to  make  any  adjustment  of 
differences  directly  with  the  employer  after  advice, 
rather  than  through  the  bureau,  as  this  tends  to  de- 
velop self-reliance.  Frequent  visits  to  the  employer 
are  not  thought  to  be  advisable,  either  from  the  effect 
upon  the  employer  or  the  worker. 

The  statistics  for  the  employment  department  from 
January  1,  1918  to  May  1,  1920  follows: 

[531 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 


STATISTICS  OF  EMPLO\TkIENT  DEPARTMENT 


1918 

1919 

1920 

{4  mo.) 

Total 

Number  of  calls  from  employers 

1,377 

828 

381 

2,586 

New  applicants  * 

1,285 

932 

246 

2,463 

Renewals  - 

2,337 

2,695 

1,034 

6,066 

Number  of  visits  of  applicants  to 

office 

3,622 

3,627 

1,339 

8,588 

Interviews  for  consultation  only 

306 

331 

101 

738 

Number  referred  to  work 

2,823 

2,342 

912 

6,077 

Number  of  placements 

992 

896 

348 

2,236 

•Cases  not  repeated. 

»  Applicants  returning  to  bureau. 

In  the  appendix  will  be  found  other  statistical 
information  regarding  the  jobs  found  for  men  with 
various  handicaps  and  the  sources  from  which  men 
have  been  referred  to  the  Institute.  It  will  be  quite 
readily  seen  by  studying  the  statement  of  sources  that 
more  complete  and  hearty  cooperation  upon  the  part 
of  social  agencies  would  multiply  the  Institute's  oppor- 
tunities for  usefulness. 

Some  interesting  cases  dealt  with  by  the  employ- 
ment department  will  illustrate  the  kind  of  work  it 
is  doing.  The  names  are  fictitious  but  the  facts  are 
genuine. 

Many  men  through  long  unemployment  have  come 
to  believe  that  they  cannot  find  work  and  the  family 
adjustments  are  made  in  that  belief.  The  wife  and 
mother  who  should  be  the  home-maker  is  forced  to 
become  the  bread-winner  while  the  disabled  wage- 
earner  sits  at  home.    John  Gregory  was  a  roofer  and 

[54] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

owned  his  own  business  two  years  ago.  As  the  result 
of  a  fall  from  a  roof  he  lost  his  right  leg.  He  received 
no  compensation  as  he  was  his  own  employer.  His 
wife  had  to  go  out  to  work  to  supplement  the  wages 
earned  by  their  son.  Gregory  remained  at  home  idle 
because  none  of  them  thought  a  man  minus  a  leg 
could  work.  One  day  he  saw  that  the  Institute  adver- 
tised to  find  work  for  cripples.  He  applied  for  a  job 
and  the  next  day  was  sent  to  a  firm  making  novelties 
where  he  was  given  a  seated  job  on  celluloid  work. 
Later,  a  job  in  which  he  could  put  to  use  the  knowl- 
edge of  his  former  trade  was  found  for  him  and  he 
was  set  at  soldering  in  a  shop  making  electrical  special- 
ties. He  earned  between  $18  and  $36  a  week  and 
although  he  had  to  come  into  the  city  by  rail  a  distance 
of  eighteen  miles  he  never  missed  a  day  at  work.  The 
next  progressive  step  in  his  placement  was  when  work 
was  found  for  him  near  home  soldering  oil  cans.  He 
works  as  hard  and  accomplishes  as  much  as  any  man 
in  the  shop  and  he  no  longer  considers  himself  dis- 
abled. 

Another  man  who  had  been  out  of  work  for  two 
years  wrote  to  the  Institute  that  it  was  difficult  for 
him  to  get  about  during  the  winter  on  two  artificial 
legs.  But  when  spring  came  John  Mulligan  was 
found  a  position  in  a  toy  factory.  He  then  had  a 
brief  experience  in  war-time  work  in  the  quarter- 
master's department  and  after  the  armistice  was 
placed  with  a  large  millinery  novelty  house  where  he 
cuts  out  celluloid  patterns.  He  has  given  excellent 
satisfaction  to  his  employer  and  has  made  as  high  as 
$40  a  week. 

[55] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

A  double  leg  amputation  did  not  prove  an  insur- 
mountable difficulty  to  finding  a  job  for  Morris 
Rubinstein  who  was  fifty-two  years  old  and  had  been 
out  of  a  job  for  six  years.  The  case  had  been  known 
to  the  United  Hebrew  Charities  for  twenty  years  and 
they  saw  that  he  was  becoming  confirmed  in  his  de- 
pendence upon  others  and  felt  it  was  almost  hopeless 
to  try  to  induce  him  to  work.  The  moral  effect  upon 
his  children  of  their  father's  idleness  was  not  good. 
His  hands  had  been  weakened  by  Raynaud's  gangrene 
which  had  cost  him  his  legs.  So  the  range  of  work 
he  could  do  was  very  limited.  He  was  placed  with 
a  clipping  bureau  and  except  for  a  few  periods  when 
he  has  been  in  the  hospital  he  has  been  steadily  em- 
ployed cutting  and  pasting  clippings.  He  is  greatly 
pleased  to  be  engaged  in  regular  work. 

Because  a  man  has  been  a  clerical  worker  it  is  by 
no  means  certain  that  he  cannot  take  up  a  mechanical 
job  suitable  to  a  handicap.  George  Brown  had  been 
a  time-keeper,  an  insurance  collector,  and  had  worked 
in  a  real  estate  office  up  to  the  age  of  forty-one  when 
he  applied  to  the  Institute  for  work.  He  got  about 
with  difficulty  on  an  artificial  leg,  for  the  other  leg 
was  stiff.  He  had  just  closed  an  unsuccessful  venture 
at  running  a  candy  store,  the  rock  upon  which  many 
a  disabled  man  has  made  shipwreck  of  his  compen- 
sation settlement.  He  thought  he  would  like  to  learn 
something  mechanical  and  was  placed  with  a  firm 
that  manufactures  automatic  numbering  machines. 
Here  he  gained  considerable  knowledge  of  various 
mechanical  processes.  He  then  found  a  position  with 
a  machine  house  where  he  earned  as  high  as  $36  a 

[56] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

week  on  a  milling  machine.  Finding  the  work  too 
heavy  he  applied  to  the  Institute  and  was  secured  a 
position  in  which  his  mechanical  training  and  his 
ability  to  read  blue-prints  and  use  the  micrometer 
stand  him  in  good  stead.  His  only  wish  is  that  he  had 
entered  this  line  of  work  earlier. 

The  man  who  has  lost  an  arm  presents  a  very 
difficult  problem  to  the  employment  department.  A 
study  of  the  list  of  placements  of  one-armed  men  to 
be  found  in  the  appendix  will  show  that  there  are  a 
number  of  operations  they  can  successfully  perform. 
One  young  man,  a  Lithuanian  coal  miner,  who  had 
lost  his  left  hand  in  the  mines,  had  held  only  messenger 
positions  for  four  years  when  he  applied  to  the  In- 
stitute. He  was  found  a  job  filling  paint  pails  by 
machinery  in  a  paint  factory.  He  also  lays  out  orders 
in  the  shipping  room. 

Probably  the  best  placement  of  a  one-armed  man 
was  that  of  an  engineer  who  lost  his  arm  in  the  navy. 
He  came  to  the  Institute  thoroughly  discouraged  in 
his  fruitless  attempts  to  find  a  situation  through  the 
various  employment  agencies.  The  Institute  was  for- 
tunate enough  to  find  a  position  for  him  in  an  electric 
power  house  in  Mississippi  where  he  has  been  for  the 
past  year  and  a  half.  He  is  chief  engineer  and  writes 
with  pride  of  the  improvements  he  has  made. 

The  Institute  has  been  able  to  place  not  only  men 
of  the  watchmen  type  but  can  point  with  pride  to  its 
services  to  a  considerable  number  of  men  of  high  type 
and  excellent  ability  who  have  been  helped  to  suitable 
positions. 

[57] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 
FIELD  WORK 

Effective  work  for  the  rehabilitation  of  a  disabled 
man  often  depends  upon  such  an  intimate  knowledge 
of  the  circumstances  of  his  life  as  can  be  obtained  only 
by  a  trained  social  worker.  Currents  in  his  life  that 
do  not  appear  upon  the  surface  may  profoundly  affect 
the  problem  of  his  rehabilitation.  Home  conditions, 
helpful  or  otherwise,  may  modify  the  success  of  plans 
in  his  behalf.  It  often  happens  that  some  other  social 
organization  has  been  interested  in  his  welfare,  or 
that  of  his  family,  and  the  plans  of  the  Institute 
involve  cooperation  with  that  agency  or  with  others 
that  may  be  able  to  render  help  of  a  special  kind. 
Often  his  case  is  known  to  the  social  service  depart- 
ment of  a  hospital  and  he  will  first  learn  about  the 
facilities  offered  by  the  Institute  through  a  social 
service  worker.  The  field  work  department  strives  to 
maintain  a  helpful  relationship  with  the  social  service 
departments  of  hospitals  and  to  facilitate  referrals  of 
cases  likely  to  need  the  services  of  the  Institute  by 
means  of  blanks  upon  which  the  necessary  data  can  be 
reported.  His  transportation  may  require  the  help  of 
the  motor  corps,  or  he  may  need  a  period  of  recupera- 
tion in  the  country,  or  a  psychological  test  may  be 
advisable,  or  he  should  be  directed  to  some  special 
clinic  for  examination  or  treatment.  His  support 
during  training  may  be  undertaken  by  some  organi- 
zation when  the  facts  are  presented  to  it.  An  out-of- 
town  applicant  for  training  may  require  assistance  in 
finding  a  suitable  boarding  place. 

The  field  work  department  cooperates,  therefore, 
with  such  other  agencies  as  are,  or  may  be,  interested 

(58) 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

in  helping.  It  does  more.  It  assists  in  the  work  of  the 
different  departments  of  the  Institute.  He  may  be 
purchasing  an  artificial  limb  on  the  'agreement  plan', 
that  is,  on  a  pledge  to  make  regular  payments  therefor 
out  of  his  wages,  and  the  reasons  for  non-payment 
must  be  investigated.  He  may  be  enrolled  as  a  trainee 
and  the  reasons  for  absence  must  be  ascertained.  Or, 
after  placement  something  may  interfere  with  his  em- 
ployment and  a  home  visit  is  required.  A  knowledge 
of  the  man  in  his  wider  relations  is  necessary  to  effec- 
tive work  in  his  behalf,  and  this  knowledge  can  be  best 
obtained  by  workers  who  come  into  sympathetic  touch 
with  him  and  make  all  efforts  tend  towards  a  single 
aim,  that  is,  his  complete  rehabilitation.  The  very 
complete  records  kept  in  the  office  are  valuable  to  an 
understanding  of  his  case  and  in  forming  an  estimate 
of  his  disposition  to  cooperate. 

The  complexity  of  the  work  of  this  department  and 
the  number  of  social  agencies  involved  in  a  man's 
rehabilitation  can  best  be  understood  by  a  brief  synop- 
sis of  several  typical  cases. 

One  of  the  city  hospitals  referred  to  the  Institute 
the  case  of  a  badly  crippled  lad  whose  only  outlook 
after  discharge  from  the  hospital  as  a  permanent 
cripple  was  the  City  Home,  for  his  family  refused  to 
help  him.  He  had  had  no  training  that  would  fit  him 
for  a  job  although  he  was  ambitious  to  help  himself. 
It  was  believed  that  he  could  be  trained  at  the  Insti- 
tute to  repair  typewriters  as  he  had  the  use  of  both 
hands  and  was  mechanically  inclined.  The  field 
worker  interested  the  United  Jewish  Aid  Society  of 
Brooklyn  in  providing  maintenance  for  him  during 

[59] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

training.  A  suitable  boarding  place  was  found  for  him 
within  walking  distance  of  the  Institute  and  through 
all  kinds  of  weather  he  swung  himself  to  the  class  on 
his  crutches.  The  hope  of  becoming  self-supporting 
spurred  him  to  faithful  endeavor  and  he  became  a  capa- 
ble workman.  The  severity  of  his  handicap  proved  to 
be  a  bar  to  his  employment  as  a  typewriter  repair  man 
but  he  secured  a  position  with  a  jewelry  firm  at  a 
mechanical  job  at  which  he  has  supported  himself  for 
more  than  a  year.  His  training  did  not  result  in  his 
employment  in  that  particular  work,  but  it  did  prove 
that  he  could  become  an  efficient  workman  and  paved 
the  way  for  his  present  success. 

Another  case  was  referred  by  the  social  service  de- 
partment of  another  hospital  for  an  artificial  leg  and 
suitable  employment.  The  condition  of  his  stump 
made  it  inadvisable  to  fit  him  at  once  with  a  per- 
manent leg  and  he  was  advised  to  take  training  in 
monotype  caster  running  until  such  time  as  the  pos- 
session of  a  suitable  leg  would  make  him  employable. 
The  use  of  crutches  during  training  would  be  im- 
possible so  a  temporary  leg  was  cast  to  fit  his  stump 
and  he  laid  aside  his  crutches  and  entered  the  class. 
The  wearing  of  the  temporary  leg  will  improve  his 
stump  and  prepare  it  for  a  permanent  one,  after 
getting  which  he  will  be  able  to  secure  a  position. 

A  field  worker  was  asked  to  call  upon  a  man  in  the 
City  Hospital  who  had  ordered  a  leg  made  in  the 
Institute  limb  shop  to  learn  the  prospects  of  his  em- 
ployment and  the  likelihood  of  his  meeting  the  pay- 
ments on  his  leg.  As  soon  as  the  leg  was  completed 
and  he  was  able  to  use  it  he  applied  to  the  field  work 

[601 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

department  for  assistance  in  finding  a  job.  He  was 
referred  to  the  employment  department  which  secured 
a  position  for  him  upon  his  discharge  from  the  hos- 
pital. Out  of  his  earnings  he  has  made  regular  pay- 
ments on  his  leg  and  has  it  nearly  paid  for. 

The  case  of  a  colored  man  involved  cooperation  with 
a  large  number  of  social  agencies.  One  department  of 
the  Red  Cross  paid  for  artificial  legs,  another  looked 
after  his  transportation.  One  organization  sent 
friendly  visitors  to  the  hospital  and  his  home;  two 
clinics  looked  after  his  eyes  and  teeth ;  a  hospital  pro- 
vided for  the  re-operation  on  a  troublesome  stump; 
the  Institute  attempted  to  give  him  training  and 
made  his  legs;  one  organization  furnished  him  with 
a  teacher  at  home,  another  gave  the  services  of  a 
visiting  nurse,  and  the  employment  department 
finally  placed  him.  The  field  work  department  en- 
gineered the  whole  job.  The  case  in  more  detail  will 
be  illustrative. 

He  was  the  driver  of  a  coal  cart  in  a  Pennsylvania 
town  and  both  feet  were  frozen,  necessitating  the  am- 
putation of  the  left  leg  below  the  knee  and  the  right 
foot  through  the  instep.  The  Canadian  Division  of 
the  Home  Service  Section  of  the  New  York  County 
Chapter  of  the  Red  Cross  became  interested  in  his 
plight  because  his  brother  had  enlisted  in  the  British 
forces  in  Canada.  The  field  work  department  was 
asked  to  make  plans  for  his  rehabilitation.  His 
mother  was  so  discouraged  about  his  future  that  she 
wanted  him  admitted  to  some  institution  for  she 
thought  that  he  would  never  be  able  to  do  any  work. 
But  the  Institute  had  better  hopes  for  him. 

[61] 


THREE      YEARS     OF      WORK 

The  first  steps  toward  his  rehabiHtation  was  to  make 
it  possible  for  him  to  get  about.  He  was  brought  to 
the  Institute  by  the  Red  Cross  Motor  Corps  and 
carried  to  the  limb  shop.  A  pair  of  legs  was  made  for 
him  for  which  the  Home  Service  paid.  An  instructor, 
himself  a  man  with  a  double  amputation,  was  provided 
to  teach  him  how  to  use  his  new  legs.  But  the  stump 
of  his  right  foot  proved  to  be  very  troublesome  and 
he  was  taken  to  the  Orthopedic  Hospital  for  advice. 
A  re-operation  was  deemed  necessary  and  as  that  hos- 
pital was  crowded  the  amputation  of  the  remainder 
of  his  foot  was  performed  at  the  Presbyterian  Hospital. 

In  the  meanwhile  the  New  York  League  on  Urban 
Conditions  among  Negroes  was  interested  in  his  case 
and  friendly  visitors  were  sent  to  the  hospital  and 
later  to  his  home  with  the  view  of  improving  home 
conditions. 

After  the  second  operation  on  his  right  leg  he  was 
able  to  get  about  on  one  artificial  leg  and  a  pair  of 
crutches  until  such  time  as  his  stump  was  in  condition 
to  wear  another  artificial  leg.  Plans  were  then  made 
for  training  him  for  some  occupation.  His  scanty 
education  and  the  fact  that  he  had  done  only  common 
porter  work  limited  his  training  possibilities.  It  was 
thought  that  he  might  attend  a  telephone  switchboard 
and  arrangements  were  made  with  the  motor  corps  to 
bring  him  to  the  Institute  each  day  for  training.  The 
experiment  did  not  prove  successful  because  his  slow- 
ness of  speech  was  a  bar  to  this  work  and  he  was  given 
a  trial  at  jewelry  making.  He  did  not  develop  a  fitness 
for  that  work  but  expressed  a  desire  to  learn  book- 
binding.   As  that  branch  is  not  taught  at  the  Institute 

[62] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

the  Federation  of  Associations  for  Cripples  was  asked 
if  it  could  find  a  teacher  who  could  instruct  him  at 
home  in  bookbinding.  A  teacher  was  found  and  under 
her  patient  instruction  he  made  good  progress  and 
took  a  new  interest  in  life  at  the  prospect  of  eventually 
being  able  to  enter  remunerative  work. 

In  course  of  time  a  new  leg  was  made  for  him  at  the 
Institute  and  paid  for  by  the  Home  Service  Section. 
He  was  given  instruction  in  the  use  of  his  two  artificial 
legs  and  after  a  while  ventured  upon  the  street,  using 
only  a  cane.  The  bookbinding  trade  did  not  offer  a 
suitable  opening  for  work  and  the  employment  depart- 
ment was  asked  to  find  him  a  job.  He  was  placed  with 
a  firm  making  electrical  specialties  and  he  was  em- 
ployed at  bench  work  at  a  fair  wage.  But  his  eyes 
and  his  teeth  needed  attention  and  he  was  sent  to 
clinics  where  he  received  the  necessary  care.  When 
further  trouble  with  his  stumps  necessitated  his  return 
to  the  hospital  the  firm  that  had  employed  him  was 
communicated  with  and  promised  to  hold  his  position 
for  him,  and  when  he  returned  home  from  the  hospital 
the  firm  sent  him  work  he  could  do  at  home  until  he 
was  able  to  return  to  the  shop.  His  stump  needed 
dressing  at  home  such  as  he  was  unable  to  give  and  so 
the  assistance  of  a  visiting  nurse  from  the  Henry 
Street  Settlement  was  requested  and  she  called  daily 
to  dress  his  stump. 

No  one  who  sees  the  change  that  has  come  over  the 
man,  his  new  outlook  on  life  and  the  joy  of  being  able 
to  support  himself  will  say  that  the  effort  in  his  behalf 
was  not  worth  while. 

[63] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 


The  following  is  a  list  of  the  social  agencies  referring 
cases  to  the  field  work  department  and  the  number 
referred : 


HOSPITALS 

Bellevue 17 

Brooklyn 4 

Broad  Street 1 

City 3 

Clinic  for  Functional   Re- 
education    1 

Gouverneur 4 

Greenpoint 3 

Harlem      3 

King's  County 15 

Lenox  Hill 1 

Lincoln      3 

Long  Island  College    ...  1 

Metropolitan 3 

Mt.  Sinai 1 

Montefiore  Home    ....  3 

New  York 4 

New  York  Orthopaedic  .    .  3 

Roosevelt      1 

Ruptured  and  Crippled  .    .  1 

Volunteer 2 


OTHER  AGENCIES 

Assn.  for  Aid  Crip.  Chil.  3 

Bklyn.  Bureau  of  Charities  4 

Bklyn.  District  Nurse     .    .  1 

Bklyn.  Jewish  Aid  Society  .  3 

Belgian  Bureau 1 

Brearley  League 1 

Charity  Organization  Soc.  .  2 

Employer      1 

Federation  of  Associations 

for  Cripples 6 

Free  Synagogue 1 

Red  Cross  Home  Service   .  5 

United  Hebrew  Charities  .  1 

Y.  W.  C.  A.,  Jersey  City    .  1 


Total 


74 


Total 


30 


It  is  quite  apparent  that  much  larger  use  of  the 
facilities  of  the  Institute  could  be  made  by  social 
agencies.  This  will  probably  be  the  case  as  its  work 
becomes  better  understood  and  the  advantages  of 
seeking  the  cooperation  of  an  institution  making  a 
special  study  of  the  problem  of  the  industrial  rehabili- 
tation of  disabled  men  are  appreciated. 

[64] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 
SOCIAL  AND  RECREATIONAL 

Work  for  the  handicapped  must  not  neglect  their 
social  and  recreational  needs.  Play  as  well  as  work 
will  help  to  give  them  a  normal  view  of  life.  Some, 
by  reason  of  their  disabilities,  have  a  reluctance  to 
mingle  with  their  normal  fellows  and  participate  in  the 
sports  which  bring  them  into  competition  with  the 
able-bodied.  But  in  association  with  other  handi- 
capped persons  they  lose  much  of  their  sensitiveness 
and  strive  together  in  a  spirit  of  friendly  rivalry. 

The  first  effort  of  the  Institute,  under  the  direction 
of  the  field  work  department,  was  to  bring  together 
in  an  evening  gathering,  crippled  men  who  had  become 
known  to  the  Institute.  The  director  told  of  the  work 
that  was  being  done  abroad  for  war  cripples,  using 
lantern  slides  and  moving  pictures.  Then  two  cripples 
told  of  the  remarkable  way  in  which  they  had  over- 
come their  handicaps  and  made  good.  Soon  the  ice 
was  broken  and  the  men  gathered  in  groups  to  swap 
experiences  as  they  partook  of  refreshments. 

The  influence  of  the  meeting  was  immediately  re- 
flected in  an  increase  of  applications  to  the  employ- 
ment department  for  work  and  to  the  educational 
department  for  admission  to  the  industrial  classes. 
The  experiment  demonstrated  the  fact  that  no  one  can 
encourage  a  cripple  so  effectively  as  another  cripple. 

A  subsequent  party  was  addressed  by  Hon.  Michael 
Dowling,  of  Minnesota,  and  Judge  Quentin  D.  Corley, 
of  Dallas,  Texas.  The  former  was  caught  in  a  Minne- 
sota blizzard  when  a  lad  and  so  severely  frozen  that 
he  suffered  the  amputation  of  both  legs  below  the 
knees,  one  arm  below  the  elbow,  and  four  fingers  of 

[65] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

the  remaining  hand.  Notwithstanding  this  severe 
triple  handicap  he  had  worked  his  way  through  college, 
become  president  of  a  bank  and  speaker  of  the  state 
legislature.  The  latter  cripple  lost  his  right  arm  at 
the  shoulder  and  the  left  arm  below  the  elbow  in  a 
railway  accident.  Misfortune  spurred  him  to  deter- 
mined efforts  to  make  an  honorable  place  for  himself 
in  the  world.  He  became  the  'straw  boss*  of  a  gang 
of  unskilled  laborers,  later  studied  law  and  attained 
the  position  of  county  judge.  He  is  of  an  inventive 
turn  of  mind  and  made  for  himself  a  special  device  for 
his  left  arm  by  which  he  performs  all  the  duties  of  an 
active  life,  cultivates  his  own  garden  and  drives  his 
own  car. 

The  men  thus  drawn  together  in  these  and  subse- 
quent 'cripple  parties'  saw  the  advantage  of  forming 
an  organization  which  was  known  at  first  as  the  Red 
Cross  Institute  Club.  A  room  was  set  apart  in  the 
Institute  for  fortnightly  meetings  and  the  organization 
grew  until  it  now  numbers  some  ninety  members.  It 
has  adopted  the  more  pretentious  name  of  the  United 
Association  for  Handicapped  Men  and  is  pledged  to 
work  in  the  interests  of  disabled  men.  It  seeks  to 
encourage  those  who  have  a  disability  to  make  the 
most  of  themselves  and  has  set  its  face  against  mendi- 
cancy and  street  trades  that  play  upon  the  sympathies 
of  the  public.  The  Institute  publishes  for  the  associa- 
tion a  monthly  sheet  called  Thumbs  Up,  which  keeps 
their  interests  in  the  foreground.  This  breezy  little 
paper  is  also  sent  to  many  hospitals  and  has  attracted 
considerable  attention. 

[66] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

One  of  the  latest  activities  of  the  Association  has 
been  the  formation  of  a  brass  band  composed  entirely 
of  crippled  men.  The  necessary  instruments  were 
donated  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Orlando  Rouland  who  ren- 
dered such  splendid  service  during  the  war  in  collecting 
over  three  thousand  musical  instruments  for  the  use 
of  our  soldiers  and  sailors,  A  competent  band-master 
has  been  secured  and  regular  practice  is  held. 

It  might  be  thought  that  competitive  athletics 
would  hardly  have  a  place  in  a  school  for  the  disabled. 
But  a  vacant  lot  adjoining  the  Institute  proved  to  be 
quite  alluring  to  those  who  can  toss  a  ball  or  run  bases. 
The  Institute  has  the  distinction  of  having  a  miniature 
athletic  field  on  one  of  the  busiest  corners  of  New 
York  City  under  the  shadow  of  skyscrapers.  Basket- 
ball and  indoor  baseball  are  the  favorite  games  during 
the  noon  hour,  but  on  'field  days'  potato  races  and 
boxing  bouts  have  been  added  to  the  program.  At 
the  last  field  day  two  hundred  and  forty  persons, 
mostly  cripples,  were  present  by  invitaiton  and  the 
events  were  run  off  with  a  vigor  and  snap  that  would 
have  done  credit  to  a  college  meet.  The  interest  and 
amusement  of  the  audience,  as  rival  teams  vied  with 
each  other  in  basket-ball  and  baseball,  was  hearty  and 
good-natured.  Crutches  and  artificial  limbs  mixed  in 
the  melee  and  many  an  upset  was  cheered  in  a  good- 
natured  fashion.  Foot-races  by  one-legged  men  on 
crutches  and  a  boxing  bout  between  two  men  with 
only  a  leg  and  a  crutch  apiece  created  a  genuine  diver- 
sion. Handicaps  and  disabilities  were  forgotten  in  the 
struggle  and  no  injuries  gave  occasion  for  the  skeptical 
to  shake  their  heads.    The  daily  press  and  the  movie 

[67] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

men  found  interesting  features  in  the  unique  events. 
The  moral  of  it  all  is,  make  the  crippled  man  feel  as 
normal  as  possible. 

EDUCATION  OF  PUBLIC 

No  social  work,  depending  upon  the  public  for  its 
support,  can  thrive  in  the  face  of  general  ignorance  of 
the  subject.  The  crippled  and  disabled  have  always 
been  evident  enough,  but  how  to  help  them  construc- 
tively, how  to  utilize  their  remaining  powers  and  facul- 
ties in  a  way  to  make  them  self-supporting  is  not  so 
plain.  Any  new  movement  for  the  amelioration  of  the 
condition  of  the  unfortunate  needs  a  tremendous 
amount  of  publicity  if  it  is  to  lay  hold  of  the  imagina- 
tion of  the  public.  Fortunately  for  the  cause  of  the 
disabled,  there  was,  upon  our  entry  into  war  a  seed-bed 
prepared  for  planting.  Every  family  faced  the  possi- 
bility of  having  some  of  its  members  return  home 
maimed  for  life.  The  problem  of  the  disabled  cast  its 
shadow  upon  every  hearth.  And  when  the  casualty 
lists  began  to  come  back  from  the  front  it  was  pain- 
fully clear  that  the  country  must  seek  out  and  plan 
for  the  best  for  its  disabled  defenders.  What  that 
'best'  was  must  plainly  be  sought  in  the  experiences 
of  others. 

Fortunately  for  the  cause  to  which  the  Red  Cross 
now  turned  its  attention,  Mr.  Douglas  C.  McMurtrie 
had  for  some  eight  years  been  collecting  all  the  litera- 
ture he  could  obtain  in  this  and  foreign  countries  on 
the  subject  of  cripples  and  their  care.  This  collection 
was  placed  in  the  Institute  and  has  been  largely  added 
to,  making  it  undoubtedly  the  most  complete  special 

[681 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

library  on  the  subject  in  the  world.  There  are  7,260 
entries  relating  to  adult  cripples,  1,723  relating  to 
crippled  children,  and  933  relating  to  the  blind.  An 
abstract  catalogue  that  will  prove,  when  completed, 
to  be  of  great  value  in  this  field  of  inquiry  has  been 
prepared  covering  about  three-fourths  of  the  entries. 
An  analytical  subject  index  is  being  arranged  and 
covers  a  considerable  part  of  the  entries.  The  librarian 
is  glad  to  answer  inquiries  regarding  material  on  the 
subject  of  work  for  the  disabled  and  the  largest  use 
of  the  library  by  all  interested  in  the  subject  is  desired. 
The  first  thing  to  be  done  was  to  learn  what  had 
been  accomplished  in  other  countries  for  the  rehabili- 
tation of  disabled  soldiers  and  to  acquaint  American 
readers  with  the  facts.  In  November,  1917,  several 
research  workers  undertook  to  study  the  experiences 
of  other  countries.  Correspondence  with  officials  and 
organizations  working  for  disabled  soldiers  and  sailors 
was  carried  on,  foreign  news-collecting  agencies  were 
engaged  to  send  in  all  available  printed  matter,  and 
photographs  in  large  numbers  were  secured.  The 
results  of  these  studies  were  published  in  a  series  of 
pamphlets  which  are  listed  in  the  appendix.  They 
were  also  gathered  together  into  a  volume  entitled. 
The  Evolution  of  National  Systems  of  Vocational 
Re-education  for  Disabled  Soldiers  and  Sailors,  and 
pubhshed  in  May,  1918,  by  the  Federal  Board  for 
Vocational  Education  as  Bulletin  No.  15.  There  were 
sixteen  monographs  in  Series  1,  of  which  there  were 
36,500  printed,  dealing  principally  with  work  in 
foreign  countries.  Series  No.  2  comprises  largely 
studies  of   vocational   opportunities   for   the   handi- 

[69] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

capped  made  by  the  Institute  staff  and  by  the  Bureau 
of  Vocational  Guidance  of  Harvard  University. 
There  have  been  printed  nine  numbers  aggregating 
25,500  copies.  Besides  these  the  Institute  prepared 
six  monographs  for  the  Red  Cross  Institute  for  the 
Blind,  including  an  abstract  catalogue  of  literature  on 
the  war  blinded. 

These  booklets  are  scientific  in  nature  rather  than 
popular  and  are  intended  for  the  information  of  those 
interested  in  the  problem  of  rehabilitation.  There 
were  also  prepared  by  the  research  department  articles 
for  the  scientific  press  and  for  the  American  Journal 
of  Care  for  Cripples. 

Not  less  important  than  giving  information  regard- 
ing the  progress  of  the  work  in  other  countries  was  the 
arousing  of  the  interest  of  the  general  public  in  what 
might  and  should  be  done  for  those  injured  in  the  war. 
The  director,  Mr.  McMurtrie,  prepared  a  series  of 
leaflets  calculated  to  stimulate  an  interest  in  the  sub- 
ject and  these  were  issued  in  large  quantities.  Through 
the  cooperation  of  the  American  Telephone  and  Tele- 
graph Company  three  million  copies  of  a  leaflet,  en- 
titled Your  Duty  to  the  War  Cripple,  accompanied  the 
telephone  bills  to  subscribers  in  one  month.  The  duty 
of  the  employer,  of  the  medical  profession,  and  of  the 
clergy  to  the  war  cripple  was  set  forth  in  other  leaflets. 
Two  booklets  were  given  wide  circulation,  Reconstruct- 
ing the  Crippled  Soldier,  and  The  Rehabilitation  of  the 
War  Cripple.  Nor  were  the  readers  of  foreign  lan- 
guages forgotten  for  a  booklet  was  prepared  and 
printed  in  French,  Italian,  German,  Swedish,  Danish, 
Spanish,  Polish,  Hungarian,  Greek,  and  Yiddish.     A 

[70] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

small  leaflet  was  distributed  largely  among  the  soldiers 
in  camps,  hospitals  and  on  transports  entitled  Facts  of 
Interest  to  the  Disabled  Soldier  or  Sailor.  It  explained 
what  the  government  planned  to  do  for  him  through 
the  agency  of  the  Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance  and 
the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education.  It  was 
also  printed  as  a  poster  to  be  displayed  in  public  places. 
These  appeals  to  the  public  for  a  just  and  intelligent 
treatment  of  the  disabled  soldier  and  sailor  were 
printed  and  distributed  to  the  number  of  7,864,000. 

An  appeal  to  the  eye  was  made  by  the  printing  of  a 
set  of  eighteen  posters  28  x  42  inches  in  size  showing 
striking  pictures  of  cripples  at  various  kinds  of  work 
with  brief  explanatory  matter.  These  are  designed  for 
hanging  and  offer  a  pictorial  argument  for  the  training 
of  cripples  which  never  fails  to  attract  attention. 

Other  books  and  pamphlets  in  large  number  have 
been  issued  by  the  Institute  and  many  reprints  of 
articles  by  Mr.  McMurtrie  in  scientific  journals  have 
been  distributed  to  those  desiring  them.  The  Dis- 
abled Soldier  is  the  title  of  a  232-page  book  by  Mr. 
McMurtrie  that  was  published  by  the  Macmillan  Co., 
the  type  being  set  in  the  Institute  print  shop.  A  book 
on  motion  picture  projecting  by  Mr.  James  R. 
Cameron,  instructor  in  motion  picture  operating,  was 
printed  by  the  Institute.  Carry  On,  a  monthly  maga- 
zine that  ran  through  ten  numbers  and  was  published 
for  the  Office  of  the  Surgeon  General  of  the  United 
States  in  the  interests  of  the  disabled  soldier  and  sailor 
was  also  set  up  in  the  Institute  composing-room. 

We  are  confident  that  the  Institute  has  had  a  large 
part,  through  the  literature  it  has  issued,  in  moulding 

[71] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

public  opinion  regarding  the  possibilities  of  work  for 
the  handicapped  and  in  helping  the  country  to  see 
its  duty  towards  the  man  who  has  received  a  handi- 
cap through  the  exigencies  of  war,  by  means  of  in- 
dustrial accidents  or  because  of  disease. 

PUBLICITY  SERVICE 

In  order  that  the  help  of  the  press  might  be  secured 
in  educating  the  public  to  the  right  attitude  towards 
the  disabled  man  a  publicity  service  was  established 
early  in  1918  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Howard  R. 
Heydon  and  conducted  with  vigor  for  over  a  year. 
Articles  were  prepared  for  trade  journals  and  special 
publications  by  a  staff  of  volunteer  writers  directed  by 
the  Institute,  many  of  them  illustrated  by  photographs 
collected  from  various  parts  of  the  world.  A  news 
service  was  maintained  for  the  principal  New  York 
and  Brooklyn  papers  and  for  several  newspaper  syndi- 
cates. A  specially  selected  list  of  1,100  newspapers 
received  matter  of  general  interest  to  the  American 
public  and  suggestions  were  sent  to  editorial  writers 
as  to  comment  that  might  be  helpful  to  the  cause  of 
the  disabled.  By  means  of  'letters  to  the  editor' 
matters  of  interest  were  brought  to  the  attention  of 
the  public.  Illustrated  articles  in  prominent  maga- 
zines of  wide  circulation  carried  the  story  of  work  for 
the  handicapped  to  millions  of  readers  in  all  parts  of 
the  country.  Photographs  were  furnished  to  writers 
and  papers  wishing  for  illustrative  material  and  human 
interest  stories  were  used  with  telling  effect. 

The  public  platform  was  used  to  bring  the  subject 
to  the  attention  of  interested  groups  in  many  cities. 

[72] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

A  public  speakers'  service  was  maintained  for  a  time, 
the  volunteers  receiving  instruction  in  a  special  course 
at  the  Institute.  More  than  three  hundred  meetings 
were  addressed  by  twenty-six  different  speakers  and 
attended  by  many  thousands  of  persons. 

The  Institute  prepared  eighty-five  sets  of  twenty-six 
lantern  slides  each  descriptive  of  work  for  the  disabled 
for  the  use  of  its  speakers  and  for  others  desiring  to 
use  them.  It  also  has  twenty-two  reels  of  motion 
pictures  showing  work  for  disabled  soldiers  abroad  and 
in  Canada  and  also  how  some  celebrated  American 
cripples  have  made  good. 

THE  women's  committee 

The  Institute  received  valued  help  in  its  work  from 
a  group  of  women  brought  together  in  December,  1917, 
by  members  of  the  Association  of  Collegiate  Alumnae. 
This  Women's  Committee  of  the  Red  Cross  Institute, 
with  some  thirty-four  members,  assisted  in  various 
activities.  A  speakers'  bureau  was  maintained  and 
several  women  were  trained  to  speak  on  work  for  the 
disabled  and  furnished  to  organizations  and  meetings 
wishing  to  hear  about  the  subject.  An  executive  sec- 
retary and  stenographer  were  engaged  to  arrange  the 
speaking  engagements  and  to  supply  photographs  and 
lantern  slides.  Members  of  the  Committee  helped 
with  the  industrial  survey  by  visiting  between  four 
and  five  hundred  factories,  distributing  literature  on 
the  subject,  and  soliciting  the  interest  of  employers. 
They  raised  funds  for  the  publication  of  leaflets  in 
foreign  languages  and  for  some  of  the  social  work  of 
the  Institute.    An  athletic  club  formed  at  the  Insti- 

[73] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

tute  has  been  provided  by  the  Committee  with  equip- 
ment for  out-of-door  sports  in  a  vacant  space  adjoining 
the  building.  When  the  work  of  the  Institute  became 
somewhat  speciaHzed  the  need  for  such  an  organization 
was  less  apparent  and  its  activities  were  discontinued 
after  a  period  of  about  six  months. 

Mention  is  made  on  page  22  of  a  special  fund  used 
to  enable  needy  persons  to  purchase  artificial  limbs 
on  the  installment  plan.  This  fund  is  perpetuating 
the  work  of  the  Women's  Committee.  By  its  help 
forty-four  persons  have  been  enabled  to  secure  arti- 
ficial limbs.  Of  this  number,  nine  have  already  com- 
pleted their  payments. 

INTERNATIONAL  CONFERENCE  ON  REHABILITATION 

The  Institute  felt  that  a  conference  on  the  general 
subject  of  the  rehabilitation  of  the  disabled  would  be 
particularly  helpful  to  those  engaged  in  some  form  of 
work  for  the  handicapped.  The  counsel  and  advice  of 
those  who  had  already  become  experts  in  this  field, 
especially  abroad,  would  be  valuable  in  giving  direc- 
tion and  impetus  to  the  work  in  this  country.  The 
governmental  authorities  of  the  principal  allied  coun- 
tries were  consulted  and  when  their  cooperation  was 
assured  plans  were  made  for  a  conference  to  be  held 
in  New  York  City,  March  18  to  21,  1919.  A  program 
was  arranged  in  cooperation  with  the  Red  Cross  In- 
stitute for  the  Blind,  the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational 
Education,  and  the  Office  of  the  Surgeon  General  of 
the  United  States  Army.  Delegates  were  sent  to  the 
conference  by  the  French  Ministry  of  War,  the  Belgian 
Ministry  of  War,  the  Italian  Ministry  of  Pensions,  the 

[74] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

British  Ministry  of  Pensions,  the  British  Ministry  of 
Labor,  the  Canadian  Department  of  Soldiers'  Civil 
Re-establishment,  and  the  Canadian  Department  of 
Militia  and  Defense. 

Technical  sessions  covering  all  phases  of  the  subject 
were  held  in  the  Waldorf-Astoria  Hotel.  Speakers 
from  the  Office  of  the  Surgeon  General,  U.  S.  Army, 
the  Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education,  the 
Bureau  of  War  Risk  Insurance,  the  American  Red 
Cross,  and  various  other  organizations  took  part  in 
the  discussions. 

Two  popular  sessions  were  held  in  Carnegie  Hall, 
March  19  and  21.  On  Sunday,  March  23,  a  mass 
meeting  was  arranged  at  the  Hippodrome  by  the  New 
York  County  Chapter  of  the  American  Red  Cross  at 
which  a  large  number  of  disabled  soldiers  were  present, 
being  brought  from  the  different  military  hospitals  by 
the  women  of  the  Motor  Corps.  The  Hon.  Charles  E. 
Hughes  presided  and  addresses  were  made  by  promi- 
nent speakers.  Some  celebrated  cripples  demonstrated 
how  they  had  overcome  their  handicaps. 

After  the  close  of  the  conference  the  foreign  dele- 
gates were  taken  to  Washington,  Baltimore,  Phila- 
delphia, and  Boston,  in  which  cities  large  meetings 
were  held  under  local  Red  Cross  auspices. 

NORMAL  TRAINING 

A  new  field  has  been  opened  for  social  workers  and 
as  the  work  of  rehabilitating  the  disabled  civilian  de- 
velops, as  it  surely  will,  there  will  be  a  growing  demand 
for  trained  workers.  To  an  understanding  of  the  prin- 
ciples and  methods  of  social  work  must  be  added  a 

[75] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

knowledge  of  the  work  limitations  imposed  by  various 
forms  of  physical  disability,  how  remaining  powers 
may  be  utilized  and  developed,  and  the  opportunities 
offered  in  industry  for  the  employment  of  handicapped 
persons.  No  course  has  as  yet  been  offered  by  any 
institution  to  prepare  trained  workers  for  this  growing 
field.  The  Institute  has  been  so  engrossed  in  the  actual 
work  of  caring  for  the  disabled  themselves  that  it  has 
not  seen  its  way  clear  to  undertake  normal  training 
along  this  line.  To  the  many  inquiries  it  receives  as 
to  where  a  person  may  prepare  himself  for  entering 
upon  this  work  it  has  had  to  reply  that  save  in  the 
field  of  occupational  therapy,  which  is  outside  the 
scope  of  the  work  of  the  Institute,  no  facilities  are 
offered  for  special  training.  Individual  workers  have 
from  time  to  time  been  attached  to  the  staff  of  the 
Institute  and  have  used  the  knowledge  so  gained  to 
find  other  employment  in  this  field  of  endeavor. 

One  group  of  workers  was  offered  special  facilities 
for  becoming  acquainted  with  work  for  the  disabled 
in  the  summer  of  1918.  At  the  request  of  the  Federal 
Board  for  Vocational  Education  a  group  of  twenty- 
five  men  and  women  including  representatives  of  that 
board,  the  ofifice  of  the  Surgeon  General,  the  Depart- 
ment of  Labor,  the  United  States  Employees'  Com- 
pensation Commission,  and  the  American  Federation 
of  Labor  gathered  at  the  Institute  May  21,  1918.  A 
week  was  spent  at  the  Institute  studying  the  available 
material  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  James  C.  Miller, 
Director  of  Technical  Education  for  the  Province  of 
Alberta.  Under  his  leadership  the  party  was  taken 
on  a  trip  through  Canada  which  included   Ottawa, 

[76] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

Montreal,  Toronto,  Saskatoon,  Edmonton,  Calgary, 
and  Winnipeg.  The  party  was  afforded  by  the  Cana- 
dian government  every  facility  for  seeing  the  work 
done  for  the  rehabilitation  of  the  wounded  Canadian 
soldier,  both  from  a  physical  and  educational  point  of 
view.  A  final  week  was  spent  at  the  Institute  review- 
ing the  experience  of  the  trip.  The  entire  expenses  of 
the  trip  were  met  by  Mr.  Jeremiah  Milbank.  Several 
who  had  the  benefit  of  the  course  were  given  positions 
of  leadership  in  the  work  of  the  government  for  dis- 
abled soldiers  and  sailors. 

As  the  various  states  address  themselves  to  the  work 
of  caring  for  disabled  civilians  the  need  for  normal 
training  of  a  kind  calculated  to  fit  workers  for  this 
field  of  endeavor  will  be  increasingly  felt. 

LEGISLATION 

Out  of  the  experiences  of  war  and  the  manifest  duty 
of  caring  for  the  defenders  of  the  country's  liberties 
who  have  been  maimed  in  its  service  comes  the  very 
clear  conviction  that  those  who  are  maimed  in  its 
industries  and  those  who  are  rendered  industrially  un- 
productive by  accident  and  disease  must  be  assisted 
to  find  a  place  in  the  work-a-day  world  where  their 
residuary  powers  and  capabilities  may  be  put  to  the 
best  account.  This  conviction  is  being  wrought  into 
definite  plans  in  various  cities  and  states.  A  long 
neglected  duty  is  clamoring  for  action. 

The  brief  experience  of  the  Institute  in  dealing  with 
the  problem  of  the  disabled  has  given  it  some  very 
definite  ideas  of  measures  that  should  be  included  in 
a  state's  plan  for  the  care  of  its  cripples.  Those  ideas 
were  embodied  in  a   bill  which  was  drafted  at  the 

[77] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

Institute  by  Mr.  Howard  R.  Heydon  and  the  direc- 
tor and  presented  to  the  New  Jersey  legislature. 
When  enacted  into  law,  April  10,  1919,  it  became  the 
first  comprehensive  state  plan  looking  to  the  rehabil- 
itation of  disabled  civilians. 

An  energetic  legislative  campaign  was  carried  on 
by  Mr.  Heydon  and  similar  bills  were  introduced  into 
other  state  legislatures  with  the  result  that  Illinois, 
Pennsylvania,  and  New  York  now  have  laws  embody- 
ing the  essential  features  of  the  original  bill  drafted 
at  the  Institute.  The  interest  aroused  in  the  duty 
of  the  state  to  rehabilitate  its  disabled  civilians  has 
resulted  in  some  legislative  provision  to  this  end  in 
California,  Massachusetts,  Minnesota,  Nevada,  North 
Dakota,  Oregon,  Rhode  Island,  and  Virginia. 

Many  other  states  will  undoubtedly  soon  take  legis- 
lative action  in  order  to  avail  themselves  of  the  pro- 
visions of  the  Fess-Kenyon  bill,  recently  passed  by 
Congress,  whereby  those  states  that  adopt  plans  for 
the  rehabilitation  of  those  'disabled  in  industry  or 
otherwise'  which  meet  the  approval  of  the  Federal 
Board  for  Vocational  Education  shall  receive  annually 
from  the  federal  treasury  a  certain  sum  of  money  to 
be  expended  for  this  work  when  met  by  a  correspond- 
ing appropriation  by  the  state.  Each  state  desiring  to 
avail  itself  of  the  provisions  of  this  act  must  formulate 
some  plan  for  caring  for  crippled  civilians. 

It  will  be  seen  by  this  report  that  the  activities  of 
the  Institute  have  covered  a  wide  range.  It  has  tried 
to  envisage  the  whole  problem  of  work  for  the  man 

[78] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

with  an  orthopedic  handicap,  and  to  gain  some  experi- 
ence that  might  be  useful  in  helping  forward  this  very 
necessary  and  tremendously  appealing  work.  To  place 
another  opportunity  before  the  man  who  has  dropped 
out  of  the  race  because  of  a  physical  injury  and  to 
teach  him  to  use  his  remaining  powers  to  the  best 
advantage  is  the  Institute's  conception  of  its  work. 
Therefore  we  call  it  "The  School  of  Another  Chance." 


79 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

Staff  of  the  Institute 

John  Culbert  Faries Director 

Florence  S.  Sullivan Advisor  in  Field  Work 

Mrs.  G.  p.  Knapp Field  Worker 

Frances  C.  Evans  (on  leave) Field  Worker 

Eleanor  L.  Gates Field  Worker 

Lillian  A.  Shadd Field  Worker 

Gertrude  R.  Stein Employment  Secretary 

Hannah  Baumann Assistant  Employment  Secretary 

Clara  Greenhut Assistant  Employment  Secretary 

Henry  Braxton Press  Representative 

Mrs.  a.  Alden  Seabury Secretary  to  Director 

Mary  H.  Davis Accountant 

Johanna  L.  Olschewsky Librarian 

Nancie  T.  Pharr Office  Assistant 

Ada  Melnikoff Stenographer 

Inez  F.  Rodimon Instructor,  Monotype  Keyboard 

Wesly  Lockwood Instructor,  Monotype  Casting 

W.  A.  Burkh.^rdt Instructor,  Composition 

Jackson  Meyers Instructor,  Press  Work 

William  Schoenberg Assistant,  Press  Room 

J.A.MES  F.  Cameron  ....  Instructor,  Motion  Picture  Projection 
Fred  B.\UER  .    .    .  Assistant  Instructor,  Motion  Picture  Projection 

John  Koestner Instructor,  Jewelry  Work 

J.\MES  Walters Instructor,  Oxy-acetylene  Welding 

H.  C.  Kruse Instructor,  Typewriter  Repair 

Ethel  M.  Johnson Instructor,  Telephone  Operating 

Roy  Gregg Instructor,  Nickel  Plating 

H.  C.  Brunner Instructor,  Enameling 

Clement  Brayton Business  Agent 

Frank  S.\lly Superintendent,  Limb  Shop 

William  Schlegel Office  Assistant,  Limb  Shop 

William  Hunsinger Leather  Worker,  Limb  Shop 

Jacob  Kunkel      Machinist,  Limb  Shop 

Henri  Gallin Leather  Worker,  Limb  Shop 

August  Stein Limb  Maker 

Andreas  Meszaros Limb  Maker 

Charles  Wettergren Limb  Maker 

[80] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

Institute  Publications 

OFFICIAL  PUBLICATIONS 

Series  I,  No.  1.    A  bibliography'  of  the  war  cripple.    By  Douglas 

C.  McMuRTRiE.     Issued  January  4,  1918. 
Series  I,  No.  2.  The  economic  consequences  of  physical  disability; 

a  case  study  of  civilian  cripples  in  New  York  City.    By  John 

CuLBERT  Faries.     Issued  January  18,  1918.* 
Series  I,  No.  3.     Memorandum  on  provision  for  disabled  soldiers 

in  New  Zealand.     By  Douglas  C.  McMurtrie.     Issued 

January  26,  1918.* 
Series  I,  No.  4.    A  statistical  consideration  of  the  number  of  men 

crippled  in  war  and  disabled  in  industry.    By  I.  M.  Rubinow. 

Issued  February  14,  1918. 
Series  I,  No.  5.    The  French  system  for  return  to  civilian  life  of 

crippled  and  discharged  soldiers.    By  John  L.  Todd.    Issued 

February  28,  1918. 
Series  I,  No.  6.    Tourvielle;  A  trade  school  for  war  cripples.    By 

GusTAVE  HiRSCHFELD.     Translated  by  Gladys  Gladding 

Whiteside.    Issued  March  22,  1918. 
Series  I,  No.  7.    The  development  in  England  of  a  state  system 

for  the  care  of  the  disabled  soldier.     By  John  Culbert 

Faries.    Issued  March  29,  1918. 
Series  I,  No.  8.    Training  in  English  technical  schools  for  disabled 

soldiers.    By  John  Culbert  Faries.    Issued  April  22,  1918. 
Series  I,  No.  9.     Placement  technique  in  the  employment  work 

of  the  Red  Cross  Institute  for  Crippled  and  Disabled  Men. 

By  Gertrude  R.  Stein.    Issued  May  6,  1918. 
Series  I,  No.  10.    The  relation  of  the  short,  intensive  industrial 

survey  to  the  problem  of  soldier  re-education.     By  G.  A. 

Boate.    Issued  May  6,  1918. 
Series  I,  No.  11.    The  vocational  school  for  disabled  soldiers  at 

Rouen,  France.     By  J.   Breuil.     Translated  by  Gladys 

Gladding  Whiteside.    Issued  May  13,  1918. 
Series  I,  No.  12.    Provision  for  war  cripples  in  Italy.    By  Ruth 

Underbill.    Issued  May  31,  1918. 
[81] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

Series  I,  No.  13.  Provision  for  war  cripples  in  Germany.  By 
Ruth  Underbill.    Issued  June  8,  1918.* 

Series  I,  No.  14.  Provision  for  vocational  re-education  of  dis- 
abled soldiers  in  France.  By  Gladys  Gladding  Whiteside. 
Issued  June  15,  1918.* 

Series  I,  No.  15.  Provision  for  the  re-education  of  Belgian  war 
cripples.  By  Gladys  Gladding  Whiteside.  Issued  July 
17,  1918.* 

Series  I,  No.  16.  Opportunities  for  the  employment  of  disabled 
men.  Preliminary  survey  of  the  piano,  leather,  rubber,  paper 
goods,  shoe,  sheet  metal  goods,  candy,  drug  and  chemical, 
cigar,  silk,  celluloid,  optical  goods,  and  motion  picture  indus- 
tries. Prepared  by  the  Department  of  Industrial  Survey  of 
the  Red  Cross  Institute  for  Crippled  and  Disabled  Men 
under  the  direction  of  Helen  E.  Redding.  Issued  July 
24,  1918. 

Series  II,  No.  1.  Vocational  re-education  for  war  cripples  in 
France.    By  Grace  S.  Harper.    Issued  March  4,  1918.* 

Series  II,  No.  2.  Principles  of  design  and  construction  of  artificial 
legs.    By  Philip  Wilson.    Issued  July  10,  1918.* 

Series  II,  No.  3.  Education  and  occupations  of  cripples,  juvenile 
and  adult.  A  survey  of  all  the  cripples  of  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
in  1916.  Reported  by  Lucy  Wright  and  Amy  M.  Ham- 
burger.   Issued  October  15,  1918.* 

Series  II,  No.  4.  Employment  opportunities  for  handicapped 
men  in  the  coppersmithing  trade.  By  Bert  J.  MORRIS. 
Issued  December  23,  1918.* 

Series  II,  No.  5.  Bedside  and  wheel-chair  occupations.  By 
Herbert  J.  Hall.    Issued  February  25,  1919. 

Series  II,  No.  6.  Employment  opportunities  for  handicapped 
men  in  the  optical  goods  industry.  By  Bert  J.  Morris. 
Issued  March  10,  1919. 

Series  II,  No.  7.  Opportunities  for  handicapped  men  in  the  brush 
industry.    By  Charles  H.  Paull.    Issued  May  1,  1919.* 

Series  II,  No.  8.  Opportunities  for  the  employment  of  handi- 
capped men  in  the  shoe  industry.  By  Frederick  J.  Allen. 
Issued  May  15,  1919.* 

[82] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

Series  II,  No.  9.  Opportunities  for  handicapped  men  in  the 
rubber  industry.  By  Bert  J.  Morris  and  Charles  H. 
Paull.    Issued  June  14,  1919.* 

SPECIAL  PUBLICATIONS 

Cameron,  James  R.  Instruction  of  disabled  men  in  motion  pic- 
ture projection.    An  elementary  textbook.    1919.    $2.00  net. 

Faries,  John  Culbert.  An  American  plan  for  the  disabled.  A 
record  and  interpretation  of  the  activities  of  the  Red  Cross 
Institute  for  Crippled  and  Disabled  Men.    1919. 

McMuRTRiE,  Douglas  C.  Care  of  crippled  soldiers  and  sailors. 
A  letter  published  in  the  New  York  Evening  Post  of  August 
31,  1917. 

.    The  duty  of  the  employer  in  the  reconstruction  of  the 

crippled  soldier.     1918. 

.    The  duty  of  the  medical  profession  in  the  reconstruc- 


tion of  the  war  cripple.    1918. 
.    Experience  in  the  re-education  of  disabled  soldiers  in 

Great  Britain.    1919. 
.    A  graphic  exhibit  on  rehabilitation  of  the  crippled  and 


the  blinded.     Issued  jointly  by  the  Red  Cross  Institute  for 
Crippled  and  Disabled  Men  and  the  Red  Cross  Institute  for 
the  Blind.    1919.* 
.    Is  dental  mechanics  a  wise  trade  in  which  to  train 


crippled  soldiers?     1917.* 
.    Making  crippled  soldiers  into  skilled  and  able  work- 


men. 

Translations  issued  in  Danish,  French,  German,  Greek,  Hungarian, 
Italian,  Polish,  Spanish,  Swedish,  and  Yiddish. 

.    The  organization,  work,  and  method  of  the  Red  Cross 

Institute  for  Crippled  and  Disabled  Men.    1918. 
.    .    1918.    2.  edition. 


.    Reconstructing  the  crippled  soldier.    1918.* 

.    The  rehabilitation  of  the  disabled  civilian.  Testimony 

submitted  to  the  Joint  Committee  on  Education  and  Labor  of 
the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives  in  hearing  on 
the  Bankhead-Smith  bill,  December  10-12,  1918. 
.    Rehabilitation  of  the  war  cripple.    1918.* 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

McMuRTRiE,  Douglas  C.  The  relation  of  earning  power  to 
award  of  compensation  for  disability  incurred  in  military 
or  naval  service.  A  memorandum  on  the  pensions  practice 
of  other  nations.  Prepared  at  the  request  of  the  Bureau  of 
War  Risk  Insurance.     1919. 

.    The  responsibility  of  the  clergy  in  the  reconstruction 

of  the  crippled  soldier.    1918. 

.    A  square  deal  for  the  crippled  soldier.     1918. 

.    A  training  course  in  vocational  re-education  of  dis- 


abled soldiers  and  sailors.     1918. 

.    Your  duty  to  the  war  cripple.     1918. 

An  American  program  for  the  rehabilitation  of  disabled  soldiers. 

1918. 
Do  you  want  us  to  teach  you  a  trade?     1919.* 
Facts  of  interest  to  the  disabled  soldier  and  sailor.     1919. 

.     (Also  issued  as  broadside.) 

An  international  conference  on  rehabilitation  of  the  disabled, 

New  York  City,  March  18  to  March  22,  1919. 
International  conference  on  rehabilitation  of  the  disabled.    Under 

the  auspices  of  the  Red  Cross  Institute  for  Crippled  and 

Disabled  Men  and  the  Red  Cross  Institute  for  the  Blind. 

Official  program.     1919. 
Introduction  in  Congress  of  measure  providing  for  the  vocational 

rehabilitation  of  war  cripples.    1918. 
New  Jersey.    Legislature.    An  act  to  create  a  commission  for  the 

rehabilitation   of  physically   handicapped   persons  and   to 

define  its  duties  and  powers.     Introduced  February  25,  1919, 

by  Mr.  Arthur  Whitney.      1919.     (Senate  no.  118.) 
Reprint  of  New  Jersey  bill. 
A  proposed  act  to  extend  federal  aid  to  the  states  in  making 

provision  for  the  rehabilitation  of  physically  handicapped 

persons. 

PERIODICALS 

Thumbs  Up!    A  periodical  in  the  interests  of  the  disabled.    Pub- 
lished by  the  United  Association  of  Handicapped  Men.* 
Handicapped  Worker.    Issued  occasionally.* 

[84] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 

TRANSLATIONS    OF    ADDRESSES    BY    FOREIGN    DELEGATES    AT    THE 

INTERNATIONAL  CONFERENCE  ON  REHABILITATION 

OF  THE  DISABLED,   1919 

Alleman,  Louis.  Compulsory  education  for  Belgian  war 
cripples. 

.    Methods  of  training. 

.    Methods  of  training;  Belgium. 

.  National  organization  of  rehabilitation  of  the  dis- 
abled; Belgium. 

.    Placement  of  the  disabled  in  employment. 

.    Provision  for  the  blind  in  Belgium. 

.    Provision  of  artificial  limbs  and  prostheses. 

.    Provision  of  artificial  limbs  and  prostheses;  Belgium. 

.    Relation  of  pension  compensation  or  other  allowances 


to  rehabilitation;  Belgium. 

.    Should  vocational  re-education  begin  in  the  hospital? 

Training  after  discharge  in  special  schools  or  classes 


versus  training  in  standard  institutions. 
.    Vocational  counsel. 


BouRRiLLON,  Maurice.    Education  of  the  public. 

.    Interests  of  employers  in  rehabilitation;  France. 

.    Interests  of  organized  labor  in  rehabilitation. 

.    Methods  of  training. 

.    Methods  of  training. 

.    National  organization  of  rehabilitation  for  the  dis- 
abled; France. 

.    Placement  of  the  disabled  in  employment. 

.    Rehabilitation  of  the  tuberculous. 

.    Relation  of  pension,  compensation,  or  other  allow- 


ances to  rehabilitation. 

.    Should  serious  training  be  started  in  hospital  or  de- 
ferred until  after  military  and  medical  discharge? 

.    Training  after  discharge  in  special  schools  or  classes 


versus  training  in  standard  institutions. 

.    Training  the  disabled  civilian. 

.    Work  of  the  Permanent  Committee  and  Interallied 

Institute  for  the  study  of  questions  pertaining  to  disabled 

soldiers. 

[85] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

Dronsart,    Edmond.      Encouragement   of    men    to    undertake 

training. 

.    Influence  of  the  discharged  disabled  soldier  in  France. 

.    Re-education  of  mutiles  in  the  school  at  Montpellier. 

.    Should   serious   training   be   started   in    hospital   or 

deferred  until  after  military  and  medical  discharge? 

.    Training  the  disabled  civilian. 

.    Vocational  counsel. 


PuTTi,  ViTTORio.    National  organization  of  rehabilitation  for  the 

disabled;  Italy. 
.    The  utilization  of  the  muscles  of  a  stump  to  actuate 

artificial  limbs;   cinematic  amputations. 
Treves,  Andre.    Agricultural  re-adaptation  in  France. 

.    Methods  of  training. 

.     Provision  of  artificial  limbs  and  prostheses. 

.    Rehabilitation  of  crippled  children;  in  France. 

Note.  Publications  marked  with  an  asterisk  (*)  are  still 
available  and  will  be  mailed  to  those  requesting  them  as  long  as 
the  limited  supply  lasts. 


[86: 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 


Appendix 


SOURCES  OF  APPLICANTS  TO  EMPLOYMENT  DEPARTMENT 
1918-1919 


Publicity  (newspaper  stories,  advertisements, 

letters,  signs,  friends,  etc.) 
Social  service  organizations 
Other  applicants  registered  at  the  Institute 
Other  employment  bureaus 
Workmen's  compensation  bureau 
Insurance  companies 
Hospitals 
Miscellaneous 

Total 


1918 


1,262 


1919 


531 

484 

264 

194 

53  • 

55 

145 

83 

59 

39 

42 

19 

79 

50 

89 

6 

930 


SOURCES  OF  APPLICANTS  TO  EMPLOYMENT  DEPARTMENT,  1919 

Publicity 

Ad  in  the  World 380 

Newspaper  stories 60 

Letters  to  editors 8 

Sign  on  door 11 

Individuals 12 

A  friend 12 

Speakers'  bureau 1 

—       484 

Social  Service  Organizations 

Charity  Organization  Society 22 

Joint  Application  Bureau 6 

United  Hebrew  Charities 10 

Association  for  Improving  Condition  of  the  Poor  2 

Association  for  the  Aid  of  Crippled  Children   .  11 

Federation  of  Associations  for  Cripples  ....  8 

Board  of  Child  Welfare 1 

United  Jewish  Aid  of  Brooklyn 2 

Red  Cross 50 

Prison  Association 9 

Parole  Commission 3 

Y.  M.  C.A 5 

Catholic  Big  Brothers 1 

Jewish  Big  Brothers 1 

Boys'  Home 2 

Path  School 13 

[87] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 

Jacob  Riis  Settlement 1 

Henry  Street  Settlement 2 

Newsboys'  Home 

Hebrew  Orphan  Asylum 

Seamen's  Institute      

Bowery  Mission 

Russian  Seminary 

Free  Synagogue 

Committee  of  Vocational  Guidance     .    .    . 

League  for  the  Hard  of  Hearing 

Lighthouse  for  the  Blind 

Employment  Bureau  for  the  Handicapped  11 

Red  Cross  Institute  for  Crippled  Men    ....  24 

—  194 

Other  applicants  registered  at  Institute 55 

Employment  Bureaus 

U.  S.  Employment  Service 66 

Re-employment  Bureau 2 

U.  S.   Employees'   Compensation  Commission  1 

Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education    ...  2 

State  Employment  Bureau 5 

National  Employment  Exchange 1 

Junior  Employment  Service 6 

—  83 

Workmen's  Compensation  Commission 39 

Hospitals 

Bellevue 15 

City 1 

Clinic  for  Functional  Re-education 10 

Italian 1 

Kings    County 1 

Metropolitan 2 

Montefiore  Home 1 

Mt.  Sinai      7 

New  York  Dispensary 2 

Post  Graduate 3 

Presbyterian 1 

Ruptured  and  Crippled 1 

St.  Luke's 2 

Vanderbilt  Clinic 2 

Volunteer 1 


—        50 


Insurance  Companies 

War  Risk  Insurance  Bureau 1 

State  Insurance  Fund 1 

[881 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 


Employers'  Liability  Insurance  Company 

Aetna  Insurance  Company 

Globe  Insurance  Company 

New  York  Casualty  Company  .... 
Manufacturers  Liability  Company  .  .  . 
U.  S.  Casualty  Company 


Miscellaneous 

East  Side  Free  School  .  . 
Western  Electric  Company 
Individual  doctors  .... 


19 


—  6 


PLACEMENTS   CLASSIFIED   ACCORDING   TO    DISABILITIES 
JANUARY,    1918,   TO   JANUARY,    1920 


Right  arm 
Building  maintenance,  33 : 

Doorman       

Elevator  operator    .    .    . 

Fireman 

Porter 

Switchboard  operator 

Watchman 

Clerical  work,  10: 

Checker 

Clerk 

Stock  clerk 

Technical  work,  4: 

Draftsman 


amputated  {84  men) 
Trade  work,  14: 

Button  sorter 1 


4 
7 
1 
7 
3 
11 

1 

7 
2 


Machine  tender    ....  2 

Novelties 1 

Rubber  sorter 1 

Toys 1 

Varnisher,  painter,  etc.  .  5 

Welder 2 

Woodworker 1 

Miscellaneous,  23: 

Office  boy 1 

Messenger 20 

News  stand 2 


Lejt  arm  amputated  (80  men) 


Building  maintenance,  30: 

Doorman       

Elevator  operator    .    . 

Handy  man  

Laborer 

Porter 

Relief  man,  subway     . 

Stable  man 

Switchboard  operator 
Watchman 


Clerical  work,  4: 

Office  boy      

Salesman  or  collector  . 
Professional  and  technical, 

Building  inspector    .    . 

Draftsman 


2 
5 
1 
1 
5 
1 
1 
4 
10 

1 
3 
i: 
1 
3 


Electrical  engineer  . 
Insurance  inspector 
Recreation  director 
Social  worker    .    .    . 


1 

1 

1 

1 

Trade  work,  1 7 : 

Buttons 2 

Metal 3 

Nickel  plater 1 

Packer  1 

Painting 4 

Pencils  (milling,  drilling, 


etc.) 

Polishers,  metal 

Welder  .... 

Miscellaneous,  21: 

Messenger     .    . 


3 
2 
1 

21 


89] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 


One  arm  partially  disabled  {217  men) 


Building  maintenance,  91: 

Caretaker      1 

Doorman       5 

Elevator  operator    ...  22 

Fireman,  assistant  ...  1 

Gateman 1 

Handy  man 3 

Houseman 3 

Porter 25 

Sweeper 1 

Switchboard  operator  1 

Watchman 26 

Window  cleaner  ....  1 

Yardman 1 

Clerical  work,  26: 

Cashier 2 

Charge  of  records    ...  1 

Checker 1 

Clerk 11 

Errand  boy 4 

Office  boy 1 

Postoffice  clerk     ....  1 

Salesman 1 

Shipping  clerk 2 

Stock  and  time  clerk  .    .  2 

Technical,  3: 

Lithographer 2 

Draftsman 1 

Trade  work,  58: 
Addressing  .... 
Biscuit  factory  .  . 
Button  factory  .  . 
Cabinet  worker  .  . 
Chemical  factory 
Drill  press     .... 


Dye  factory 1 


Electric  specialties 
Film  inspector 
Furniture     (boring 

chine)     .... 
Glass  lapping 


2 


1 

5 

1 

1 

Machine  shop 2 

Machine  welding     ...  10 

Mattress  factory      ...  1 

Millinery  factory      ...  1 

Motion-picture  operator  2 

Novelty  factory   ....  2 

Operator,  ladies'  waists  .  1 

Optical  (learner)  ....  1 

Packer  1 

Painter 1 

Paint  factory 2 

Pasting  clippings     ...  1 

Pencil  factory 3 

Piano  factory 3 

Repairing  vacuums     .    .  1 

Shoe  factory 1 

Toy  factory       4 

Wicker  furn.  (learner)   .  1 

Wire  machine 1 

Woodworker 3 

Miscellaneous,  39: 

Car  cleaner  (taxi)    ...  1 

Chauffeur      1 

Farm  laborer 1 

Guard  duty 3 

Kitchen  man 5 

Laborer 1 

Messenger 26 

Trucking 1 


>  Including  paralysis,  fractures,  finger  amputations,  deformed  arms,  etc. 


Both  legs  amputated  or  paralyzed  {84  men) 


Building  maintenance,  9: 
Elevator  operator    ...     6 
Switchboard  operator     .     3 

Clerical  and  technical,  10: 
Cashier 1 


Checker 1 

Clerical      2 

Draftsman 2 

Stenographer 3 

Typist 1 


[90] 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 


Trade  work,  65 : 

Jewelry,  etc.,  4: 

Gilding 1 

Silversmith  (learner)    .  1 

Stone  setter 1 

Watch  repairing  ...  1 

Metals  and  machinery,  6 : 

Metals 3 

Soldering 3 

Woodworking  and  furn.,  8: 

Air-brush  worker     .    ,  2 

Mirror  polishing  ...  1 

Piano  actions    ....  3 

Wicker  furniture      .    .  1 

Woodworking  ....  1 

Other  trade  work,  47 : 

Auto  governor      ...  1 

Bindery 1 

Buttons 2 


Dolls 

Electrical  specialties 
Film  inspector 
Fire  extinguisher 

Flags      

Fountain  pens  .    . 

Furrier 

Gold  pens  .  .  . 
Hardware  polishing 
Jewelry  cases  .  . 
Mechanic  .... 
Novelties  .... 
Paper  fasteners  . 
Press  clippings 

Rubber 

Thermometers 

Tools 

Toys 

Typewriter  assembling 
Whistles 


One  leg  amputated  (368  men) 


Building  maintenance,  44; 

Domestic       1 

Doorman       1 

Elevators 21 

Fireman 2 

Gateman 1 

Houseman 1 

Kitchen  man 2 

Night  man 1 

Pantry  helper 1 

Switchboard  operator     .  9 

Watchman 4 

Clerical,    professional,  and 
technical,  41: 

Addresser 2 

Bookkeeper 2 

Caretaker,  truant  school  1 

Checker 1 

Clerk 13 

Draftsman 2 

Engraver .  3 

Filing  clerk 1 

Hotel  clerk 2 

Information  clerk    ...  1 

Night  clerk 2 


Postoffice  clerk     ....  2 

Shipping  clerk 4 

Stenographer 1 

Stock  clerk 2 

Time  keeper 2 

Trade  work,  266: 

Air  brush 1 

Ammunition 1 

Artificial  limbs     ....  10 

Auto  governors    ....  1 

Automobiles 1 

Auto  radiators      ....  2 

Batteries   .......  1 

Bindery 1 

Book  covers 2 

Braids 1 

Brass 3 

Brushes 15 

Buttons 17 

Cabinet  maker     ....  1 

Candy 4 

Cans  (soldering)  ....  1 

Celluloid  (buffer)     .    .    .  1 

Cigar  rolling 1 

Clothing 1 


[91] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 


Combs 4 

Crating  furniture     ...  1 

Dictograph  assembling  .  1 

Dies,  lathe 1 

Dolls 4 

Drill  press 4 

Electrical  specialties    .    .  14 
Expansion  bolt  (em 'y  wh'l)  2 

Feathers    1 

Filling  cans 1 

Fire  extinguishers    ...  8 

Flags      1 

Flowers  (varnishing)   .    .  1 

Foot  press 1 

Fountain  pens 14 

Gas  iron 1 

Gold  pens 1 

Handkerchiefs  (cutting)  1 

Hospital  supplies  (bench)  1 

Kitchen  utensils  (bench)  2 

Lace  and  nettings    ...  1 

Lacquering  switchboard  .  2 

Lamps 1 

Lapidary 1 

Leather  (punching)      .    .  3 

Light  factory 1 

Machinist      11 

Mechanic's  helper    ...  1 

Milliner^' 4 

Motor  brushes      ....  1 

Novelties 10 

Nuts  (shelling)     ....  1 

Packer,  department  store  2 


Paper 2 

Pasting  clippings     ...  6 

Patterns  (machinist)    .    .  1 

Pencils 2 

Pianos  (assembling)     .    .  16 

Picture  frames  (painting)  3 

Polishing  hardware     .    .  8 

Post  cards 2 

Printing  machine     ...  2 

Shoes 5 

Solderer 1 

Surgical 1 

Talking  machines    ...  1 

Thermometers 1 

Toys 8 

Typewriters 2 

Typewriter  repairer     .    .  3 

Watches  (learners)  ...  2 

Welding 26 

Whistles 1 

Willow  work 1 

Wire  factory 3 

Woodworking 1 

Miscellaneous,  17: 

Chauffeur,  department 

store 1 

Drivers 2 

Farm      1 

Film  inspector      ....  8 

Locksmith 1 

Plumber's  assistant     .    .  1 

Salesman 2 

Waiter 1 


Paralysis  of  right  or  left  side  (90  men) 


Building  maintenance,  33: 

Domestic 1 

Doorman 2 

Elevator  operator    ...  14 

Kitchen  man 1 

Porter 6 

Switchboard  operator     .  4 

Watchman 5 

Clerical  and  technical,  12: 

Assistant  shipping  clerk  .  1 

Clerk 5 


Draftsman,  maps 
Electrical  inspector 
Index  room  clerk 
Information  clerk 
Salesman 


1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

Time  clerk 1 

Trade  work,  26: 

Blue  prints 1 

Bookbinder 1 

Buttons 1 

Dolls 1 


92 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 


Drill  press  .  .  . 
Electric  novelties 
Film  inspector 
Gold  pens  .  .  . 
Metal  worker  .  . 
Painting  flowers  . 
Painting  furniture 

Pencils 

Polishing  hardware 


Toys 2 

Woodworker 3 

Miscellaneous,  19: 

Delivery  man 1 

Embroiderer 1 

Messenger 14 

News  stand 2 

Ticket  agent 1 


Spinal  injuries  and  Potts  disease  {84  men) 


Building  maintenance,  12: 

Doorman       

Elevator  operator    .    . 

Floor  man 

Gate  keeper 

Hall  man 

Kitchen  man    .... 

Switchboard  operator 

Watchman 

Clerical  and  technical,  12: 

Addressing  clerk  .    .    . 

Clerk      

Draftsman 

Errand  clerk     .... 

Receiving  clerk    .    .    . 

Shipping  clerk  .... 
Trade  work,  59: 

Brass  (helper)  .... 

Brushes     

Clippings 

Electric  batteries     .    . 

Electric  irons  (repairer) 

Electric  specialties  .    . 


Factory 1 

Film  inspector      ....  3 

Fire  extinguishers    ...  5 

Flags      1 

Fountain  pens 8 

Gilding 1 

Glass  blower  (learner)   .  1 

Hardware      1 

Jeweler  (learner)      ...  1 

Leather     2 

Machinist 2 

Metal 4 

Motion-picture   operator  1 

Nut  cracker 1 

Pianos 2 

Post  cards 1 


Shoes     

Solderer     .... 

Talking  machines 
Type  ...... 

Woodworking  .    . 


Miscellaneous,  1: 
Messenger     .    . 


Locomotor  ataxia  (14  men) 


Building  maintenance,  1 ; 
Gateman 


Clerical,  4: 
Adding-machine  operator 

Cashier 

Night  clerk 

Salesman 


Trade  work,  9: 

Buttons 2 

Dolls  (painting)    .... 

Factory     

Fountain  pens 

Pianos 

Polishing  metal  .... 
Power  press  (hair  wavers) 
Typewriter  repair    .    .    . 


[93] 


THREE     YEARS     OF     WORK 


Hernia  (19  men) 


Building  maintenance,  12: 
Doorman  .... 
Elevator  operator  . 
Engineer,  apartment 
Engineer,  wire  works 
Porter 


1 
6 
1 
1 
3 
Clerical,  2: 

Errands 1 

Route  clerk       1 


Trade  work,  2: 
Hardware      .    . 
Paper  fasteners 

Miscellaneous,  3: 

Candy  stand     . 
Messenger     .    . 


Lameness  {774  men  and  boys) 


Building  maintenance,  186: 

Assistant  janitor  ....  3 

Coal  passer 1 

Domestic 1 

Doorman       7 

Elevator  operator    ...  73 

Engineer,  apartment  .    .  2 

Gateman 1 

Guard 1 

Handy  man 1 

Houseman 5 

Kitchen  assistant     ...  12 

Porter 30 

Telephone  operator     .    .17 

Usher 1 

Waiter 1 

Watchman 30 

Clerical,  etc,  95: 

Addressograph     ....  2 

Billing  clerk 2 

Bookkeeper  and  stenog- 
rapher      6 

Cashier 12 

Charge  of  office    ....  5 

Checker 6 

Clerk 21 

Draftsman 3 

Errand  boy 1 

Filing  cleric 1 

Hotel  clerk 10 

Index  clerk 1 

Night  clerk 9 

Receiving  clerk    ....  1 


Shipping  clerk 6 

Stock  clerk 5 

Timekeeper 3 

Typist 1 

Trade  work,  469: 

Electric  specialties,  50: 

Batteries 1 

Electric  repairer 

(vacuums)     ....  2 
Electric  specialties   .    .41 

Flash-lights 1 

Wiring  fixtures     ...  5 
Jewelry  and  watches,  20: 

Optician  (learner)     .    .  1 

Polisher  and  learner     .  15 

Watch  repairer     ...  4 

Metal  and  machinery,  90: 

Assembling 3 

Bench  work 4 

Drill  press 6 

Foot  press 8 

Grinder 2 

Inspector 2 

Machinist 16 


Metal  worker    .    .    . 
Motor  repairer     .    . 

Polisher 

Solderer 

Surgical  instruments 

Tinsmith 

Tool-room  clerk  .    . 


18 

2 


Welder 17 


94 


FOR     HANDICAPPED     MEN 


Woodworking  and  furn., 

Air  brush  work     .    . 

Artificial  limb  maker 

Picture  frames      .    . 

Scraping  varnish 

Woodworking  ... 
Other  trade  work,  294: 

Airplanes  .    .    . 

Auto  governors 

Baking  powder 

Ball  bearing 

Bindery      .    .    . 

Bird  cages     .    . 

Brush  factory   . 

Button  factory 

Chain  manufacturing 

Changeable  signs   (as 
sembling)  .    . 

Clipping  bureau 

Combs   .... 

Cord  and  tassels 

Cork  manufacturing 

Doll  factory 

Dress    forms 

Film  examiner 

Fire  extinguishers 

Flags      .    .    . 

Flowers      .    . 

Flowers  (painting 

Fountain  pens  . 

Furs 

Gas  masks     .    . 

Glass  lappers    . 

Hardware      .    . 

Indexes      .    .    . 

Lace  (assorting) 

Lamp  factory  . 

Laundry  folder 

Lead 

Leather  belts    . 


15: 

2 
4 
2 
1 
6 

1 
4 
1 
1 
1 
2 
20 
12 
1 

1 
13 
2 
1 
1 
5 
1 
9 
14 
1 
1 
3 
51 
1 
1 
2 
1 
1 
3 
6 
2 
1 


Magnetos  (assembling)  2 

Mattresses 2 

Millinery 1 

Mitts 2 

Multicolor 1 

Nickel  plating  (buffing)  1 

Novelties 14 

Packer  .......  11 

Paint  manufacturing  .  1 

Paper  boxes 2 

Pattern  making 

(bronze)     1 

Pencils 8 

Perfumes 1 

Pianos  (bench  work)   .  20 

Pillows 1 

Plate  washing  (engrav- 
ing)       2 

Pocketbooks     ....  1 

Polishers,  hardware     .  8 

Printing  (feeder)      .    .  1 

Razor  blades    ....  1 

Shoe  lasts 5 

Stenciling  post  cards  .  1 

Tailor 1 

Thermometers      ...  3 

Toy  factory 12 

Type  manufacturing    .  1 
Typewriter  factory  ..11 

Umbrella  handles     .    .  5 

Whistles 1 

Wire  work  (florists')    .  1 
Miscellaneous,  24: 

Chauffeur      1 

Driver 9 

Gardener 1 

Messenger 9 

Salesman 1 

Soda  fountain  clerk     .    .  1 

Ticket  agent 2 


:95] 


Form  of  Bequest 

I  give  and  bequeath  to  the  Institute  for 
Crippled  and  Disabled  Men,  located  in  the  City 
of  New  York,   the  sum  of  Dollars, 

to  be  used  as  its  Board  of  Trustees  may  determine. 


Date  Due 

•  I' 

f) 

RDTOl 
Faries 


F22 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES  (hsLstx) 

RD  701  F22  C.I 

Three  years  of  work  for  fiandicapped  men. 


2002309653 


•■y^a^' 


